Accounting Standards and Guidance

FRC Financial Reporting Standards (FRSs)

UK/Irish accounting framework (effective for periods beginning on or after 1 Jan 2015)

FRS 103 Insurance Contracts

Section 2 Accounting Policies, Recognition and Measurement
Changes in accounting policy
Shadow accounting
2.11In some accounting models, realised gains or losses on an insurer's assets have a direct effect on the measurement of some or all of (a) its insurance liabilities, (b) related deferred acquisition costs and (c) related intangible assets, such as those described in paragraphs 2.27 and 2.28. An insurer is permitted, but not required, to change its accounting policies so that a recognised but unrealised gain or loss on an asset affects those measurements in the same way that a realised gain or loss does. The related adjustment to the insurance liability (or deferred acquisition costs or intangible assets) shall be recognised in other comprehensive income if, and only if, the unrealised gains or losses are recognised in other comprehensive income. This practice is sometimes described as 'shadow accounting'.
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