Welcome to this week’s Technical Roundup.  In developments this week, following public consultation, IAASA has issued a revised version of ISA (Ireland) 600 Special Considerations – Audits of Group Financial Statements (Including the Work of Component Auditors) and conforming amendments; the Financial Reporting Council has announced an increase in the number of signatories to the UK Stewardship Code following the publication of its updated list. Read more on these and other developments that may be of interest to members below. Financial Reporting The European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) has released a podcast on its recent discussion paper Accounting for variable consideration – from a purchaser’s perspective. EFRAG has also released a summary report on its recent conference entitled “Where is Corporate Reporting heading?” Auditing IAASA issues a revised version of ISA (Ireland) 600 Following public consultation, IAASA has issued a revised version of ISA (Ireland) 600 Special Considerations – Audits of Group Financial Statements (Including the Work of Component Auditors) and conforming amendments. https://iaasa.ie/iaasa-issues-a-revised-version-of-isa-ireland-600/ Sustainability The Financial Conduct Authority in the UK has recently published a discussion paper on finance for positive sustainable change: governance, incentives and competence in regulated firms. The paper does not make any concrete proposals in terms of new regulatory rules, but it seeks views on how firms should develop their arrangements for governance, incentives and competence in sustainability. The FCA has requested responses to the paper by 10 May 2023. The Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment is holding a series of free events for businesses which will highlight the opportunities and challenges presented by digital transformation and decarbonisation. The first event will be hosted in the North-West on Friday 3rd March and is open for businesses based in Donegal, Leitrim and Sligo. You can read more and register here. Small businesses and entrepreneurs will have the opportunity to sample hundreds of events helping them to start or grow their business as part of this year’s Local Enterprise Week which takes place from March 6th to 10th. Click here to read more about it and here for more details of the events  including spotlight events for example one on Green, Sustainability & Competitiveness on Thursday 9th March from 2.30pm to 3.30pm. Insolvency The Institute recently hosted a webinar on Options for directors in financial difficulty. It outlined directors’ duties and obligations when a business is in financial difficulty, and possible consequences for directors for not adhering to those duties and obligations. There was also discussion on the recent insolvency related changes to Companies Act 2014 on the expansion of directors’ duties and a Q&A session. The recording can be accessed here. Sanctions/cybercrime The UK government recently sanctioned seven people said to be part of a Russia-based cybercrime gang under the UK’s thematic cyber sanctions regime pursuant to The Cyber (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020. In conjunction OFSI also published Guidance on Ransomware and Financial Sanctions and you can read the UK Government press release here . The European Union this week announced that it is considering its 10th package of sanctions against Russia. Click here to read the press release on the proposed 10th package. They propose to further restrict the export of dual use and advanced tech goods and to add third country entities to the Russia dual use sanctions. They will also look at setting up an overview of all frozen assets of the Russian central bank held in the EU and will look to tackle circumvention of sanctions. We will bring further news of the sanctions when available. The European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) and CERT-EU, which is the Computer Emergency Response Team of all the EU institutions, bodies and agencies (EUIBAs), have issued a joint publication to alert on sustained activity by particular threat actors which they say pose a significant and ongoing threat to the European Union. Click here to go to the ENISA webpage where you can access a copy of the publication and the recommendations in it. Other Areas of Interest The FRC has announced an increase in the number of signatories to the UK Stewardship Code following the publication of its updated list. The list now includes successful applicants who submitted their reports at the end of October 2022. The regulator received 105 applications, of which 88 were successful, taking the total number of signatories to 254, up from 235 in September last year. This includes 179 asset managers, 58 asset owners and 17 service providers. The additional signatories bring the total assets under management of the list to £46.4tn, up from £40.7tn. The European Central Bank recently issued its ECB February 2023 Supervision newsletter where there a number of topics readers may find of interest including a piece from the Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland on whether banks are overregulated, an article on crypto-assets: a new standard for banks and an article on banks’ digital transformation. Section 225 of the Companies Act 2014 introduced a requirement for a directors’ compliance statement (DCS) into Irish law. Now that the DCS has been operational for several years, the Company Law Review Group (CLRG) is reviewing it to determine its effectiveness in achieving compliance and its usability and, if appropriate, to make recommendations as to how these might be enhanced in the interest of good corporate governance. Readers may know that the CLRG is a statutory advisory expert body charged with advising the Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment on the review and development of company law in Ireland. The CLRG has issued two surveys, a directors’ survey and a practitioners’ survey, to get feedback from directors of affected companies and practitioners (auditors, financial directors, solicitors, and so on) who are involved in the preparation of the annual DCS. Please see here for more information from DETE on the review . Please access the directors’ survey here. Please access the practitioners’ survey here. The closing date is 28 February 2023. DETE's February 2023 Enterprise newsletter is now available. It contains information on the survey referred to in the preceding paragraph and a number of consultations which DETE is currently involved in including the consultation on which we brought you details in the last few weeks seeking the views of interested parties on the member state options in the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive. As a reminder of the details you can click here for a recent Institute news item with some more information on the Directive. The Irish Minister for Justice this week obtained approval from Government to close the Immigrant Investor Programme (IIP) to further applications from close of business on 15 February 2023. He said that all programmes are kept under review and the Government has also taken on board a number of reports and findings from international bodies such as the EU Commission, Council of Europe and OECD on similar investment programmes. You can read more in the press release from the Dept of Justice website. For further technical information and updates please visit the Technical Hub on the Institute website.  

Welcome to this week’s Technical Roundup. In developments this week, as part of its ongoing engagement activities in relation to the periodic review of FRS 102 and other FRSs, the Financial Reporting Council hosted a webinar on 19 January which gave an overview of the proposals and provided further context in relation to the decisions made; the Chairperson of the European Banking Authority recently gave a speech on Financing transition to sustainability? What is the role of banking regulation? He said that the financial sector has an important role to play, both in terms of financing the transition to sustainability and for managing financial risks stemming from ESG factors. Read more on these and other developments that may be of interest to members below. Financial Reporting IAASA has published a compendium of financial reporting decisions. These decisions relate to accounting treatments applied by three companies in their 2021 annual financial reports. This compendium, for the first time, includes decisions covering accounting for climate change and sustainability initiatives. As part of its ongoing engagement activities in relation to the periodic review of FRS 102 and other FRSs, the FRC hosted a webinar on 19 January which gave an overview of the proposals and provided further context in relation to the decisions made. The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) are hosting a webinar on 31 January entitled “ESG – what we’ve achieved so far and what’s next” The IASB have released a webcast which addresses the proposals on financial instruments contained in the recent Exposure Draft on the Third Edition of the IFRS for SMEs Accounting Standard. In its Q4 2022 podcast the IFRS Interpretations Committee discussed a recent submission in relation to IFRS 16 relating to whether a contract including a substitution right contains a lease. The tentative agenda decision in relation to this is open for comment until 6 February 2023. In its sixth episode of “The Fast Future with IFAC” podcast series, some issues relevant to small and medium practitioners are discussed, including cybersecurity, cloud computing, client relationship-building, attracting and retaining talent and firm innovation. Auditing The IAASB has opened its public consultation for a group audit-specific section of the proposed auditing standard for less complex entities. This is open for public comment until 2 May. Sustainability The Chairperson of the European Banking Authority recently gave a speech on Financing transition to sustainability? What is the role of banking regulation? He said that the financial sector has an important role to play, both in terms of financing the transition to sustainability and for managing financial risks stemming from ESG factors. There was some discussion on the EBA roadmap which was adopted in December 2022 and that EBA are going to continue working to embed ESG considerations into their risk analysis and stress testing. Professional Accountancy Education Europe (PAEE), which is a collaboration between European accountancy bodies striving to provide a high-quality education framework at international level have issued some Q&As which explain why it is vital to further develop sustainability awareness among accountancy and auditing professionals. The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) have issued their January 2023 update and podcast. This discusses recent developments including the rollout and adoption of Sustainability Standards S1 and S2. Insolvency The Institute is hosting a webinar on Options for directors’ in financial difficulty on Thursday, 9 February 2023. We will outline directors’ duties and obligations when a business is in financial difficulty, and possible consequences for directors for not adhering to those duties and obligations. There will be discussion on the recent insolvency related changes to Companies Act 2014 on the expansion of directors’ duties. Anti-money laundering The Irish Minister for Justice, with the consent of the Minister for Finance recently issued Guidelines under section 37(12) of the Criminal Justice (Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing) Act 2010 (as amended) (Act) giving a bit more detail of  those functions in the State that may be considered to be prominent public functions for the purposes of the Act. This will assist firms to identify domestic Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs) when conducting their AML risk assessment. The UKFIU recently published the 2022 Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs) Annual Report and annexes which features statistics covering the years 2020-21 and 2021-22.SARs are submitted to the NCA by individuals working in regulated sectors such as banking, legal and financial services, where they suspect that transactions are being used to launder money or conceal criminal activity. Other Areas of Interest The Irish Central Bank recently issued a Dear CEO letter concerning its supervisory findings and expectations for payment and electronic money (E-Money) firms. The purpose of the letter is to reaffirm supervisory expectations of CBI with the CBI stating that the supervision of all financial services sectors is risk-based. The letter also sets out a requirement that all payment and e-money firms who are required to safeguard users’ funds obtain a specific audit of their compliance with the safeguarding requirements under EU regulations and the letter sets out what CBI expects the audit opinion to contain. Read the full letter at the link above . Also, in CBI news the Governor recently issued a letter setting out his financial regulation priorities 2023.Among other items it includes continuing progress on actions on the systemic risks generated by non -banks and ensuring that the EU’s Anti Money Laundering Action Plan including the establishment of a single supervisory authority results in  a consistent and robust EU wide framework. The DETE webinar on the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD)was held on 26 January 2023.The purpose of the webinar was to introduce CSRD and the European Sustainability Reporting Standards arising out of it, to Irish businesses so that they can begin their preparations. DETE reported that next week will see the launch of a public consultation on member state options contained within the CSRD. Further news on the webinar can be found here. For further technical information and updates please visit the Technical Hub on the Institute website.  

Welcome to this week’s Technical Roundup.  In developments this week, the IDA in Ireland has issued its monthly e-zine which includes a report of ‘green talent’ on the rise and seven offshore renewables projects given a boost by the Irish Government; the Financial Reporting Council held a webinar on 19 January setting out the proposals contained in FRED 82 Draft amendments to FRS 102 The Financial reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland and other FRSs – Periodic Review. Read more on these and other developments that may be of interest to members below. Financial Reporting The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) are planning to hold a series of webinars on corporate reporting. The series, which commences on 24 January, will offer a deep dive into the ISSB proposed standards and will consist of three parts as follows. Part 1: Better information for better decisions—Introduction to investor-focused sustainability disclosure Part 2: Any size or stage—Getting started on climate disclosure Part 3: Connectivity and controls—the path to investor-grade disclosure The FRC held a webinar on 19 January setting out the proposals contained in FRED 82 Draft amendments to FRS 102 The Financial reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland and other FRSs – Periodic Review. Auditing A new publication from Accountancy Europe builds on the factsheet published last year and offers constructive recommendations based on the discussions with their members’ audit experts as well as external stakeholders involved in developing AQI initiatives in their respective jurisdictions. Sustainability The IDA in Ireland has issued its monthly e-zine which you can click here to read. It includes a report of ‘green talent’ on the rise and seven offshore renewables projects given a boost by the Irish Government. Insolvency In December 2022, the Bankruptcy Master for Northern Ireland advised that the restriction on filing new creditors' winding up petitions is likely to be lifted in the new term. The court has advised that further information will be issued in advance of the new guidance. The court noted that lifting the restrictions may bring about some logistical challenges which is further hampered by the absence of the new proposed Insolvency (Amendment) Rules (Northern Ireland) 2022 and has encouraged a collaborative approach between all practitioners and the court. The Institute is hosting a webinar on Options for directors’ in financial difficulty on Thursday, 9 February 2023. We will outline directors’ duties and obligations when a business is in financial difficulty, and possible consequences for directors for not adhering to those duties and obligations. There will be discussion on the recent insolvency related changes to Companies Act 2014 on the expansion of directors’ duties. Other Areas of Interest The Irish Dept of Enterprise Trade and Employment (DETE) recently published its January 2023 Enterprise newsletter. It includes information on topics such as the webinar DETE are hosting on Thursday 26 January 2022 between 10am - 12pm to explain the new Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and accompanying standards in more detail. It also includes information on tariff suspension/quota schemes with the deadline for applications at 5.30pm on Tuesday, 31 January 2023. It also gives information on changes to the employment permit system to address skills shortages in Ireland’s Dairy, Transport and Home Care sectors. DETE has advertised that there will be presentations from the officials heading up the transposition of the directive within the Department of Enterprise, Trade & Employment, the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) and the EU Commission on the day of the webinar. The Irish government has recently published its legislation programme for Spring 2023. Click here for the press release and to access the spring legislative programme. Some particular items of interest are as follows: In the programme pre legislative scrutiny has taken place on the Charities (Amendment) Bill and it is now on the priority publication list. There is a heads in preparation of an Equality Acts (Amendment) Bill 2023 stated to make provision for proposed amendments to the equality legislation arising from the review of the Equality Acts. Readers may recall previous government agenda where a limited partnership Bill was proposed to modernise the Limited Partnership Act 1907.In the spring 2023 programme there is a heads in preparation of a Miscellaneous Provisions (Transparency and Registration of Limited Partnerships and Business Names) Bill 2023. This is stated to be to reform the Limited Partnerships Act 1907 and the Registration of Business Names Act 1963, strengthening Ireland’s regulatory framework and responding to concerns raised in relation to the transparency of limited partnerships. The Co-operative Societies bill is on the agenda as heads in preparation. Readers may recall that earlier this year, the Institute, as part of CCAB-I, responded to a public consultation from the Dept of Enterprise, Trade and Employment on new legislation for the co-operative sector and in November 2022 we brought you a news item that the Government had approved the drafting of what is billed as ground-breaking legislation for the sector. Here is the link to page giving details of the General Scheme of the Co-operative Societies Bill 2022. On this quarter’s legislative agenda work is still underway on the Companies (Administrative, Governance & Insolvency Amendment) Bill and it is stated to give effect to outstanding Programme for Government commitments on rights of workers as creditors; trading entities splitting operations; and transactional avoidance. One last bill which might be of interest is the Licencing of Construction Activity Bill which is stated to be to provide for the establishment of a statutory licensing system for construction and related activities. The Dept of Justice has recently published its 2021 Annual Report. They report that publication of  a Justice Climate Policy Statement setting out how the justice sector will reach its ambitious climate and energy efficiency targets, including by the adoption of green public procurement has been carried over to Justice Plan 2022. On the anti-money laundering front it is reported for example that 2021 inspections comprised 106 inspections of High Value Goods Dealers; 138 inspections of Trust or Company Service Providers; 23 inspections of notaries; 8 inspections of gambling providers and 5 inspections of Tax Advisors/ External Accountants. For further technical information and updates please visit the Technical Hub on the Institute website.

In developments this week, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) has issued a public consultation for its 2024-2027 proposed strategy and work plan; the Department of Enterprise Trade and Employment has announced that it will hold a webinar on 26 January 2023 (10am-12pm) to inform stakeholders of the new requirements and standards in the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and accompanying standards. Read more on these and other developments that may be of interest to members below. Financial Reporting The FRC are holding a webinar on 19 January on its recently released Exposure Draft “FRED 82”, which sets out the FRC’s Draft amendments to FRS 102 proposed as part of the periodic review of the standard. In its recently released Exposure Draft, the IASB has proposed a temporary exception in relation to accounting for deferred tax arising from the implementation of the OECD Pillar Two model rules. Comments are requested by the IASB by 10 March 2023. The UK Endorsement Board (UKEB) has published a Draft Endorsement Criteria Assessment (DECA) on Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback —Amendments to IFRS 16 (the Amendments) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in September 2022. These amendments add requirements explaining how a seller-lessee subsequently accounts for sale and leaseback transactions with variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate. Auditing The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) has issued a public consultation for its 2024-2027 proposed strategy and work plan. The strategy seeks to accelerate the actions originally laid out in the 2020-2023 strategy with a focus on standard setting that supports the performance of high-quality audit and assurance engagements. Sustainability In its latest podcast, the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) discuss recent decisions and discussions from the ISSB meeting in December. The Department of Enterprise Trade and Employment (DETE) has announced that it will hold a webinar on 26 January 2023 (10am-12pm) to inform stakeholders of the new requirements and standards in the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive and accompanying standards. DETE also says that a public consultation will be launched seeking views to inform Ireland’s transposition of the discretionary options of the Directive into national law. While acknowledging that it is a US report, in the light of ongoing developments in sustainability, readers might be interested in the Climate Action Report released by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System recently. This report reviews the climate action plans of global systemically important banks (“G-SIBs”) and summarizes the progress they are making toward achieving them. Click here to access the website of Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and here to access the full paper. An abstract from the report states that despite some progress by large global banks to address climate change considerations, much work lies ahead to properly measure and disclose climate-related risks, and to better align financing activities with their net-zero targets. Insolvency The Institute is hosting a webinar on Options for directors’ in financial difficulty on Thursday, 9 February 2023. We will outline directors’ duties and obligations when a business is in financial difficulty, and possible consequences for directors for not adhering to those duties and obligations. There will be discussion on the recent insolvency related changes to Companies Act 2014 on the expansion of directors’ duties. Under the Joint Insolvency Committee’s (JIC’s) strategic work plan, Statements of Insolvency Practice (SIPs) are subject to periodic review in order to ensure they remain relevant to changing legislation and market conditions. Following consultations with the profession and other stakeholders, including the Insolvency Service, HMRC and major creditor representatives, a revised version of SIP 3.1 – Individual Voluntary Arrangements has now been approved by the JIC and the Recognised Professional Bodies for implementation with effect from 1 March 2023.  The revised SIP 3.1 applies in Northern Ireland, England and Wales. Other Areas of Interest The Competition and Consumer Protection Commission (CCPC) recently published its Mergers & Acquisitions Report 2022 which includes statistics on the number of mergers and acquisitions notified and decided in 2022. There was a 16% decrease in notified mergers from 2021 and one proposed acquisition was prohibited. In the case of the proposed banking transaction Bank of Ireland /KBC, the CCPC imposed a commitment on Bank of Ireland of the provision of one billion euro to non-bank lenders to support competitive developments in the mortgage market. In publishing its banking decisions, the CCPC says that it took the opportunity to raise concerns in relation to the overall competitiveness of the banking sector in Ireland and has continued to engage with the Department of Finance and the Central Bank on these matters. Readers can access a copy of the Mergers & Acquisitions report here. For further technical information and updates please visit the Technical Hub on the Institute website.    

Welcome to this week’s Technical Roundup.  In developments this week, the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) is seeking comments on its draft endorsement advice on amendments to IAS 1; IAASA has published its key messages for auditors in the area of related parties, the Irish Government in recent weeks launched its Climate Action Plan 2023; the Irish Corporate Enforcement Authority has this week published an Information Note on the topic of Early Warning Tools and Restructuring Frameworks. Read more on these and other developments that may be of interest to members below. Financial Reporting The European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) is seeking comments on its draft endorsement advice on amendments to IAS 1. Comments are requested by 1 March 2023. EFRAG has also issued its December 2022 update. The UK Endorsement Board (UKEB) has published a Draft Endorsement Criteria Assessment on Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback —Amendments to IFRS 16 (the Amendments) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) in September 2022. Comments are requested from stakeholders by 5 April 2023. The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) has issued itsDecember 2022 update The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has issued its December 2022 IFRS for SMEs Accounting Standard Update. This includes FAQs on the proposed amendments to the IFRS for SMEs Accounting Standard and some new resources to support the ongoing consultation. The IASB has also released its December 2022 podcast and the IFRS Foundation has released its monthly news summary. Auditing IAASA has published its key messages for auditors in the area of related parties, and IAASA’s YouTube channel also now includes a video that shares questions asked by IAASA’s audit inspectors during 2022 in the area of related parties. IAASA’s new video provides information on the revised ISA (Ireland) 315 Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement. ISA 315 is effective for financial periods beginning on or after 15 December 2021. The Irish Government in recent weeks launched its Climate Action Plan 2023. This sets out how Ireland will accelerate the action required to respond to the climate crisis, putting climate solutions at the centre of Ireland’s social and economic development. Some details of the plan are contained in the government press release and it is intended that an Annex to the Climate Action Plan, outlining more detail on the Plan’s actions, will be published early in 2023. The European Commission recently published two draft notices containing FAQs relating to the Taxonomy Climate Delegated Act and the Taxonomy Regulation. The first Draft Commission Notice is regarding the interpretation and implementation of certain legal provisions of the EU Taxonomy Climate Delegated Act establishing technical screening criteria for economic activities that contribute substantially to climate change mitigation or climate change adaptation and do no significant harm to other environmental objective. The second Draft Commission Notice relates to the interpretation and implementation of certain legal provisions of the Disclosures Delegated Act under Article 8 of EU Taxonomy Regulation on the reporting of taxonomy-eligible and taxonomy-aligned economic activities and assets (second Commission Notice). Insolvency The Irish Corporate Enforcement Authority has this week published an Information Note on the topic of Early Warning Tools and Restructuring Frameworks. The CEA states that the purpose of the document is to provide assistance to company directors in understanding certain aspects of the European Union (Preventive Restructuring) Regulations 2022. Specifically, the Information Note has been prepared with a view to assisting company directors to understand the importance of maintaining adequate accounting records, what is meant by a company being in financial difficulty, being unable to pay its debts and being insolvent respectively, specific aspects of company directors’ duties where a company is in financial difficulty, and the potential consequences of non-compliance with company directors’ duties. You can read the CEA news item on the Information Note here, the Information Note can be accessed here and a feedback statement from the CEA on the public consultation can also be accessed. Readers’ attention is drawn to a recent high court case from late 2022, in the matter of Spencer Dock Development Company Limited (in liquidation). In the case the High court initially refused to approve payment of fees to a company in which the official liquidator had an interest, but which company was a third party. The court discussed the liquidator as a fiduciary and the role of trust of the liquidator. The court also noted that the main creditor in the liquidation was NAMA which the taxpayer funds and the court referred to its obligation to have regard to the interests of the taxpayer. Subsequently the fee was revised and all payable to the liquidators and the court approved this. Anti-money laundering, economic crime, cyber security The European Banking Authority issued its 9th AML/CFT Newsletter in recent weeks. It contains information which might be of interest. For example, on EuReCA, the European Reporting system for AML/CFT material weaknesses launched in January of last year. Also, information on the publication of final Remote Customer Onboarding Guidelines in November 2022, a consultation on Guidelines to tackle de-risking and the publication of its 2022 Risk Assessment Report. Read the full newsletter at the above link. The National Crime Authority in the UK has in recent weeks issued its December edition of SARs in Action. The publication contains interesting information including case studies on SARs and a listing of red flag indicators for the crime of sexual exploitation. In recent weeks HM Treasury in the UK published its Anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism: Supervision Report 2020-22. The report covers a number of matters which may be of interest including a listing at section 3.53 of the most common AML breaches identified by the accountancy and legal Professional Body supervisors during the reporting periods. These include inadequate documented policies and procedures and inadequate resource allocated to AML compliance. Sanctions Readers’ attention is drawn to some news items which may be of interest on sanctions since our last publication of round up in mid-December 2022. The European Union issued its ninth package of sanctions against Russia on 16 December 2022. It includes the imposition of export controls and restrictions, restrictions in the banking sector, restrictions in the broadcasting sector, restrictions in consulting services, energy and mining sectors, restrictions on EU nationals holding posts on governing bodies of Russian state owned or controlled legal persons entities or bodies located in Russia. It also added to the individuals and entities the assets of which are frozen. Our sanctions webpage has been updated with some links and information on the ninth package of sanctions. In our last round up we reported on the Central Bank’s update of its sanctions webpage with an infographic and financial sanctions FAQs. CBI has now helpfully provided a direct link to the European Union's guidance on guidance on Best Practices referred to in one of the sanctions FAQs. On December 20th we reported on the UK auditing ban which was announced in September 2022 and brought into legislative force on December 16, 2022. We also updated our news item from July 2022 which gave details of the UK ban on providing accounting services to Russia to take account of the audit ban which is now in place. Other areas of interest Readers are reminded of the coming into force of the Protected Disclosures (Amendment) Act 2002 from 1 Jan 2023. During 2022 Round up brought readers several news items on the passing of the Act which was signed into law in 2022 and the announcement of commencement of the Act from 1 Jan 2023. By way of reminder the new legislation will substantially amend the Protected Disclosures Act 2014, expanding the categories of protected person to include protections for volunteers, shareholders, board members and job applicants for the first time. It also expands the wrongs in respect of which a protected disclosure can be made and imposes requirements on organisations to put internal whistleblowing procedures in place. It also provides for a new Office of the Protected Disclosures Commissioner. Access to the Central Bank of Ireland’s (CBI) Beneficial Ownership Register for Certain Finance Vehicles by members of the public has been suspended following a recent judgment by the European Court of Justice in the Luxembourg business registers case. The CBI has updated its guidance and this third version relates to Chapters 3 and 4 regarding access to the register by members of the public. The Charity Commission (England and Wales) has published an updated set of questions as it launches its new Annual Return in response to charity sector and public feedback. The Irish Pensions Authority has in recent weeks published information on the annual compliance statement (ACS) for 2022 that is provided for under the Pensions Act, 1990 as amended .The 2022 ACS must be prepared no later than 31 January 2023. The Authority will carry out sample checks and audits of trustee compliance with the obligation. The annual compliance statement form to be used can be found on the Authority’s webpage at the above link. On 16 December 2022 the Minister for Enterprise Trade & Employment transposed the EU Directive 2019/1152 on Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions by the European Union (Transparent and Predictable Working Conditions) Regulations 2022. Click here for the news item from DETE on the introduction of the regulations which for example introduce a limit to the length of probationary periods at the beginning of a job and anti-abuse legislation for zero-hour contract work. Readers are reminded of the round up article in October 2021 where we reported on the Directive including a DETE public consultation on the Directive. For further technical information and updates please visit the Technical Hub.

Michael Shovelin is a lecturer, Council member and immediate past chair of the North West Society. He is also an avid reader, so who better to ask for book recommendations!   With Christmas fast approaching you might be looking for a gift for a colleague, client or friend. Here is a list of some of the better books on business matters from the past year. Or you might want to treat yourself. This is the ideal time of year to kick back with a good book! Here aresix recommendations from this year. Enjoy! Chums: How a Tiny Caste of Oxford Tories Took Over Britain – Simon Kuper Born in medieval houses, educated in medieval schools and universities, it comes as no surprise that Gove, Rees-Mogg, Johnson, Truss et al should forge careers in a medieval parliament. All products of the now notorious Politics, Philosophy and Economics (PPE) degree at Oxford, they struggled to conjure up a cause that would create legacies akin to Churchill and Thatcher. With no great causes left (inequality, poverty and crumbling infrastructure not being glamourous enough) they summoned the ghost of Thatcher. They hit on Brexit. Simon Kuper delivers an incisive account on what makes these guys, and it is almost all guys, tick. A must-read for the Brexit-watcher in your house. Two Hundred Years of Muddling Through: The Surprising Story of the British Economy – Duncan Weldon With the new season of Brexit well underway, we have some new characters: dishy Rishi; the prim vicar Jeremy Hunt; and a cameo from the Bree Larson of British politics, Liz Truss. In some 250 pages, you get the equivalent of the Oxford degree in PPE delivered in a clear, concise and engaging manner. This is much more than a political economy primer. The book traces the evolution of Britain’s politics and economy since the Industrial Revolution. It charts the booms and busts and the relentless decline of Great Britain after the war. The post-war years and the transformation of the economy (and politics) during the Thatcher years are particularly well discussed. The Man Who Broke Capitalism – David Gelles ‘Neutron’ Jack Welch hated the nickname. Neutron bombs killed thousands of people while leaving physical infrastructure intact. This engrossing book traces Welch’s journey to the top job at GE and the two decades of meteoric growth in earnings and market capitalisation. From $15bn to $660bn market capitalisation. This was an extraordinary story for a company that had been in existence for almost a century, before he took the reins. The methods are all detailed here. A relentless focus on cost-cutting, offshoring, outsourcing, mega deals, mass firings, earnings manipulation and creative accounting. Hundreds of thousands of jobs destroyed, communities gutted, a toxic culture of ‘rank and yank’ and the hollowing out of once-great American icons. What is most compelling is the creation of a clone army of mini-Jacks who learnt at the knees of the great guru and wreaked havoc across the world. When McKinsey Comes to Town – Walt Bogdanich & Michael Forsythe This is an epic tale of hubris, arrogance, deceit and destruction. Once again, we meet the so-called ‘smartest guys in the room’ with all the answers for everything from regulating healthcare, implementing Trump’s immigration policies, defence contracting to advising foreign governments. They trumpet their mission, values, purpose and ethics. The reality is much different. This is a shocking indictment of yet another so-called ‘professional services firm’. While the concept of conflicts of interest should be easily understood, particularly to those with degrees from the finest Ivy League universities, it is clear that McKinsey operates on both sides of a deal. The Chinese walls are thinner than a Celtic tiger era apartment. Their role in advising big pharma as to how better to market opioids is just one of a litany of standout scandals. And the fees charged are eye watering. Butler to the World: How Britain Became the Servant of Tycoons, Tax Dodgers, Kleptocrats and Criminals – Oliver Bullough Following on from his best-selling Moneyland, Bullough delves deep into the murky and shady world of those who enable, collaborate, lobby and ease the entry of some of the world’s least savoury characters into polite society. Whatever remained of Britain’s shabby and threadbare post-colonial reputation is completely shredded here. Everything’s for sale in the scramble to legitimise the images of some of the most malevolent crooks in the world today. While the usual culprits from the world of law, accounting, estate agents and wealth advisers are here, Bullough identifies many others who are complicit. From art gallery owners to principal’s of select private schools, ‘all the devils are here’. Power Failure: The Rise and Fall of General Electric – William D Cohan Cohan’s epic Money & Power: How Goldman Sachs Came to Rule the World is still the definitive template for how to write a company biography. This will surely replace it. This 816-page epic reads like a fast-paced thriller. For all of the 20th century, no other company was so emblematic of American corporate success as GE, (okay, possibly Ford or IBM). Founded by Thomas Edison, GE expanded its operations modestly from the late nineteenth century. However, the arrival of Jack Welch as CEO in 1980 turbocharged the company’s growth and expansion like one of its famed jet engines. It’s all here, the hubris, arrogance and toxic culture that grew out of Welch’s tenure. The cracks had started appearing well before Immelt’s reign. Its demise is a tragic tale. Michael Shovelin is a Lecturer in Atlantic Technological University and Council member.

The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) has reached a significant milestone in the periodic review of its financial reporting standards with the release of FRED 82 Draft amendments to FRS 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland and other FRSs. This Financial Reporting Exposure Draft (FRED) forms part of the periodic review of the standards which happens approximately every five years. The FRED is now open to consultation and comments are requested by the FRC by 30 April 2023. In March 2021, the FRC commenced the periodic review with a request for views from stakeholders. The Institute's Financial Reporting Technical Committee responded to this request with some recommendations. Some of the key points to note from the FRED are; The draft proposals include significant changes to how leases are accounted for and proposes a model similar to that of IFRS 16 Leases  and will result in many leases which were previously expensed as operating leases now being classified as "right of use assets" within fixed assets. However, given the wide range of users of FRS 102 financial statements, there are simplifications proposed which are aimed at ensuring that these accounting requirements are proportionate and cost effective to apply. There are also some proposed exemptions from the rules for some assets.  The draft proposals include a new model of revenue recognition in FRS 102 and FRS 105. This is based on the principles of IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers and the five step model included in this standard. This aims to ensure that there will be more consistency in the reporting of Revenue and that the process for revenue recognition is clearer. The FRC have decided to defer its conclusion as to whether to align FRS 102 with the expected credit loss model of financial asset impairment in IFRS 9 Financial Instruments, but have indicated that they may revisit this when the IASB's IFRS for SMEs Accounting Standard goes through its periodic review process. The proposed effective date for the amendments is accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2025, with an option for early adoption. Along with the FRED, the FRC have also released some supporting documents including; FRED 82- at a glance FRED 82- Impact assessment Q&A A podcast providing an overview of the changes

Welcome to this week’s Technical Roundup. In developments this week, the Central Bank of Ireland has recently updated its sanctions webpage with an infographic and financial sanctions FAQs about which you can read more including a question on whether sanctions only apply to those on the sanctions lists; the European Banking Authority (EBA) recently published its roadmap on sustainable finance which outlines its workplan on sustainable finance and Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) risks. Read more on these and other developments that may be of interest to members below. Auditing The Institute has responded to the consultation on ISA(Ireland) 600 Group audits. The FRC has launched its Audit & Assurance Sandbox, a collaborative space for approaching issues facing the audit and assurance industry, to support high quality audit and assurance work. The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) has published a new fact sheet on the interactions between International Standard on Audit (ISA) 220 (Revised), which addresses quality management at the engagement level, and ISA 600 on group audits. The fact sheet highlights aspects of a group audit that may be affected by ISA 220 (Revised) and International Standard on Quality Management 1 addressing quality management at the firm level. IFAC have released an implementation tool for auditors on risk of material misstatement.  Financial Reporting The FRC has issued Draft amendments to FRS 102 The Financial reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland and other FRSs – Periodic Review. FRED 82 proposes a number of changes resulting from the second periodic review of FRS 102 and other Financial Reporting Standards. The proposals include: a new model of revenue recognition in FRS 102 and FRS 105; a new model of lease accounting in FRS 102; and various other incremental improvements and clarifications. The FRED is accompanied by a consultation stage impact assessment. The FRC’s ‘What makes a Good Annual Report and Accounts’ sets out the attributes for a high-quality Annual Report and Accounts (ARA). IAASA has published its revised policy paper Publication of information regarding IAASA’s financial reporting supervision activities. This paper sets out IAASA’s policies on publication as well as the nature and extent of information to be published relating to the outcomes of its financial reporting supervision activities.  The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has released a webcast showing some of the main changes included in the recently released Exposure Draft on the Third edition of the IFRS for SMEs Accounting Standard. The IASB has also shared a presentation on the same topic from the World Standard Setters Conference, which was held in September. The IFRS Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) has released its November 2022 update. In his address to delegates at the 2022 EFRAG Conference entitled “Where is Corporate Reporting Going?”, Andreas Barckow, Chair of the IASB, spoke about the IASB’s relationship with EFRAG over the years as it celebrates its 21st anniversary. The UK Endorsement Board has adopted three narrow-scope amendments on 30 November 2022. These were published by the IASB in 2021 and have an effective date of 1 January 2023. The narrow-scope amendments relate to; Disclosure of Accounting Policies (Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements and to IFRS Practice Statement 2 Making Materiality Judgements). Definition of Accounting Estimates (Amendments to IAS 8 Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors). Deferred Tax related to Assets and Liabilities arising from a Single Transaction (Amendments to IAS 12 Income Taxes). The UK Endorsement Board has approved and published its Due Process Handbook. The FRC has issued FRED 81 FRS 101 Reduced Disclosure Framework 2022/23 cycle. This proposes no changes to FRS 101 in the annual review. Comments are requested by the FRC up to 28 February 2023. The FRC Lab has released its last quarterly newsletter for 2022. This issue focuses on the year-end and the annual report season, and highlights some of our work that may assist preparers in meeting the challenges ahead. The European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) have issued their November 2022 update. Insolvency Readers may know that for various reasons set out in the Companies Act 2014 (section 842), a court may disqualify a director. The Corporate Enforcement Authority is one entity which can initiate the procedure by way of a notice under S850. Also, the Authority can apply (under S820) for a declaration for restriction of a director.  The Minister of State at the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment, has recently issued new regulations effective from 9 December 2022, the Companies Act 2014 (Disqualification and Restriction Undertakings) Regulations 2022 and please click here for a useful summary from the Corporate Enforcement Authority on the purpose of the new regulations. Sustainability The European Banking Authority (EBA) recently published its roadmap on sustainable finance which outlines its workplan on sustainable finance and Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) risks. The EBA says that the roadmap explains its sequenced and comprehensive approach over the next three years to integrate ESG risks considerations in the banking framework and support the EU’s efforts to achieve the transition to a more sustainable economy. Please also click here for further information on the relevant EBA webpage and an interesting infographic on the key objectives of the roadmap. In its Joint Statement on the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD), Accountancy Europe has expressed its overall support for the CSDDD and have called on the EU co-legislators to strengthen certain provisions in the Directive. The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) made some announcements following its meeting this week. These include an agreement on how to describe sustainability and its relationship to financial value creation, addressing natural ecosystems as it relates to climate, and the decision to consider the work of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD) and other existing nature-related standards and disclosures where they relate to the information needs of investors. While initially focused on setting rules on climate-related disclosures such as carbon emissions, the ISSB said that it will create rules relating to natural ecosystems after these are published. Find out more here. Other news Law Reform Commission publishes consultation paper on liability of clubs, societies and other unincorporated associations. Submissions are invited from all interested parties on the Commission's Consultation Paper on Liability of Clubs, Societies and other Unincorporated Associations. The Financial Conduct Authority in the UK has published a document (which is not FCA guidance) containing insights from the 2021 Cyber Coordination groups.(CCGs).   You can read more on the CCG forums on this FCA webpage  and while the matters were discussed at forums in 2021 they may be of interest in highlighting  the cyber risk landscape, as well as emerging cyber risks discussed. The FCA also announced this week that it has established a new advisory committee to the FCA’s Board to work on Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) issues. Click here to read more details and here for the committee’s terms of reference .  The Pensions Authority has published its Engagement and audit findings report for 2022. The purpose of this report is to share observations on the key findings identified during the Authority’s engagement and audit activity in 2022 which included face to face meetings with a number of larger DC and DB schemes. It is expected that all trustee boards and their advisers will consider these findings and evaluate their own practices to establish if any improvements are required. The report is available here. The Pensions Authority also brings news this week of the European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority (EIOPA) conclusion of its fourth European-wide stress test of IORPs (pension schemes). The 2022 exercise assessed the resilience of participating IORPs against a climate change scenario, representing the first climate stress test for IORPs in the European Economic Area. Details of the 2022 report is available here on the EIOPA website. The Irish Central Bank (CBI ) has recently updated its sanctions webpage with an infographic and financial sanctions FAQs about which you can read more here including a question on whether sanctions only apply to those on the sanctions lists? In the answer CBI says that where you identify that a sanctioned individual or entity owns or controls the individual/entity with whom you are transacting, you should fully assess the impact of this ownership or control. When conducting this assessment, you should refer to the EU Commission’s guidance on ownership and control. This guidance on ownership/control can be found in EU Best Practices which was updated in 2022. As previously advised, access to the Central Register of Beneficial Ownership for Companies (RBO) in Ireland was suspended for general access following a recent judgment by the European Court of Justice. The case found that the provision of the directives, whereby information on the beneficial ownership of companies incorporated within the territory of the Member States is accessible in all cases to any member of the general public, was invalid. The RBO has now been updated to allow restricted access to search the register to Designated Persons and Competent Authorities only, with very limited information being available to other parties. Further information and details on how to register as a designated person is available here. The Dept of Enterprise Trade and Employment last week issued its monthly enterprise newsletter. While many of the topics have already been brought to readers  of this bulletin click here to access the newsletter which contains information on topics such as the new entitlement to paid sick leave from 2023 , the Temporary Business Energy Support Scheme and Skills for Better Business - a new resource for SMEs. The Institute’s Professional Standards Dept (PSD) has issued its latest regulatory bulletin which you can access here. Readers attention is drawn in particular to the item on the Register of Overseas Entities (ROEs) in the UK. A critical element of the ROE regime is the requirement to verify, independently, elements such as the exercise of control. PSD warns that firms should carefully consider whether they should provide this verification work. Firms are reminded that the work required for verification under the ROE is not the same as the risk-based approach to client due diligence under the Money Laundering Regulations and PSD reminds firms that they should familiarise themselves with the differences. The bulletin also gives a link to an alert on the subject from the Accountancy AML Supervisors’ Group (AASG)  . For further technical information and updates please visit the Technical Hub on the Institute website. 

The roadmap for the EU Commission’s milestone Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive is taking shape and now is the time to start preparing for a brave new era in non-financial reporting, writes Conor Holland With the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) now approved by the European Council, entities in the EU must begin to invest significant time and resources in preparing for the advent of a new era in non-financial reporting, which places the public disclosure of environmental, social affairs and governance matters (ESG) matters on a par with financial information. Under the CSRD, entities will have to disclose much more sustainability-related information about their business models, strategy and supply chains than they have to date. They will also need to report ESG information in a standardised format that can be assured by an independent third party. For those charged with governance, the CSRD will bring further augmented requirements. Audit committees will need to oversee new reporting processes and monitor the effectiveness of systems and controls setup. They will also have enhanced responsibilities. Along with monitoring an entity’s ESG reporting process, and evaluating the integrity of the sustainability information reported by that entity, audit committees will need to: Monitor the effectiveness of the entity’s internal quality control and risk management systems and internal audit functions; Monitor the assurance of annual and consolidated sustainability reporting; Inform the entity’s administrative or supervisory body of the outcome of the assurance of sustainability reporting; and Review and monitor the independence of the assurance provider. The CSRD stipulates the requirement for limited assurance over the reported information. However, it also includes the option for assurance requirements to evolve to reasonable assurance at a later stage. The EU estimates that 49,000 companies across the EU will fall under the requirements of the new CSRD Directive, compared to the 11,600 companies that currently have reporting obligations. The EU has confirmed that the implementation of the CSRD will take place in three stages: 1 January 2024 for companies already subject to the non-financial reporting directive (reporting in 2025 for the financial year 2024); 1 January 2025 for large companies that are not presently subject to the non-financial reporting directive (reporting in 2026 for the financial year 2025); 1 January 2026 for listed SMEs, small and non-complex credit institutions, and captive insurance undertakings (reporting in 2027 for the financial year 2026). A large undertaking is defined as an entity that exceeds at least two of the following criteria: A net turnover of €40 million A balance sheet total of €20 million 250 employees on average over the financial year The final text of the CSRD has also set timelines for when the Commission should adopt further delegated acts on reporting standards, with 30 June 2023 set as the date by which the Commission should adopt delegated acts specifying the information that undertakings will be required to report. European Financial Reporting Advisory Group In tandem, the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) is working on a first set of draft sustainability reporting standards (ESRS). These draft standards will be ready for consideration by the Commission once the Parliament and Council have agreed a legislative text. The current draft standards provide an outline as to the depth and breadth of what entities will be required to report. Significantly, the ESRS should be considered as analogous to accountancy standards—with detailed disclosure requirements (qualitative and quantitative), a conceptual framework and associated application guidance. Readers should take note—the ESRS are much more than a handful of metrics supplementary to the financial statements. They represent a step change in what corporate reporting entails, moving non-financial information toward an equilibrium with financial information. Moreover, the reporting boundaries would be based on financial statements but expanded significantly for the upstream and downstream value chain, meaning an entity would need to capture material sustainability matters that are connected to the entity by its direct or indirect business relationships, regardless of its level of control over them. While the standards and associated requirements are now largely finalised, in early November 2022, EFRAG published a revised iteration to the draft ESRS, introducing certain changes to the original draft standards. While the broad requirements and content remain largely the same, some notable changes include: Structure of the reporting areas has been aligned with TCFD (Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures) and ISSB (International Sustainability Standards Board) standards – specifically, the ESRS will be tailored around “governance”, “strategy”, “management of impacts, risks and opportunities”, and “metrics and targets”. Definition of financial materiality is now more closely aligned to ISSB standards. Impact materiality is more commensurate with the GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) definition of impact materiality. Time horizons are now just a recommendation; entities may deviate and would disclose their entity-specific time horizons used. Incorporation of one governance standard into the cross-cutting standard requirements on the reporting area of governance. Slight reduction in the number of data points required within the disclosure requirements. ESRS and international standards By adopting double materiality principles, the proposed ESRS consider a wider range of stakeholders than IFRS® Sustainability Disclosure Standards or the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) published proposal. Instead, they aim to meet public policy objectives as well as meeting the needs of capital markets. It is the ISSB’s aim to create a global baseline for sustainability reporting standards that allows local standard setters to add additional requirements (building blocks), rather than face a coexistence of multiple separate frameworks. The CSRD requires EFRAG to take account of global standard-setting initiatives to the greatest extent possible. In this regard, EFRAG has published a comparison with the ISSB’s proposals and committed to joining an ISSB working group to drive global alignment. However, in the short term, entities and investors may potentially have to deal with three sets of sustainability reporting standards in setting up their reporting processes, controls, and governance. Key differences The proposed ESRS list detailed disclosure requirements for all ESG topics. The proposed IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards would also require disclosure in relation to all relevant ESG topics, but the ISSB has to date only prepared a detailed exposure draft on climate, asking preparers to consider general requirements and other sources of information to report on other sustainability topics. The SEC focused on climate in its recent proposal. The proposed ESRS are more prescriptive, and the number of disclosure requirements significantly exceeds those in the proposed IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards. Whereas the proposed IFRS Sustainability Disclosure Standards are intended to focus on the information needs of capital markets, ESRS also aim to address the policy objectives of the EU by addressing wider stakeholder needs. Given the significance of the directive—and the remaining time to get ready for it—entities should now start preparing for its implementation. It is important that entities develop plans to understand the full extent of the CSRD requirements, and the implications for their reporting infrastructure. As such, they should take some immediate steps to prepare, and consider: Performing a gap analysis—i.e. what the entity reports today, contrasted with what will be required under the CSRD. This is a useful exercise to inform entities on where resources should be directed, including how management identify sustainability-related information, and what KPIs they will be required to report on. Undertaking a ‘double materiality’ analysis to identify what topics would be considered material from an impact and financial perspective—as required under the CSRD. Get ‘assurance ready’—entities will need to be comfortable that processes and controls exist to support ESG information, and that the information can ultimately be assured. The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive represents a fundamental change in the nature of corporate reporting—the time to act is now and the first deadline is closing in.

Brendan O’Hora reports on the findings of the 2022 All-Member Survey Research is conducted to discover new information or reach a new understanding of something, so the Institute’s biennial membership survey is crucial. These have been two years of significant change, and as a membership organisation, it has never been more important for us to act on the findings in a comprehensive, targeted way for the benefit of 31,000 members globally.  The survey was conducted in May and June with over 1,800 members by independent research agency, Coyne Research. This level of participation helps us to build a very accurate picture of the member experience and is much appreciated. It allows us to make the most of this opportunity to check in with members, and to ascertain how we will respond and act on the findings.  This year, we also conducted qualitative research via eight focus groups. This exercise gave us a deeper understanding of member sentiment and reinforced that we are operating in very unusual times.  The operating environment The pandemic may be in retreat, but its effects persist. An ongoing adjustment to hybrid working, declining levels of resilience after extended periods of pressure, and changing priorities among younger members, many of whom qualified or spent their early years in a virtual environment, have had an impact. Compounding this are growing cost-of-living pressures.  The top challenge emerging from the survey for businesses was, unsurprisingly, the competition for talent, up significantly on 2020. Following this is inflationary pressure and increased labour costs. What is resonating with members  Looking at our membership as a whole, the qualification is very highly regarded and a source of great pride. The letters mean a lot to our members, and that pride also extends to the robustness and quality of the education provided.  In reviewing the findings, Bernie Coyne at Coyne Research noted that members are broadly positive about the way the Institute has responded over the last two years to the pandemic.  She said: “As in previous years, members were invited to rate a range of services, based on their experience and degree of satisfaction, with sentiment remaining consistent. Over seven in 10 members rated the webinars and online CPD options as good, with a 20 percent increase in those who experienced them since 2020. The range of specialist qualifications was also rated highly, as was Accountancy Ireland magazine, the weekly Tax News circular, and the knowledge hubs on the Institute’s website.”  The research also pointed to an increase in the number of members who have communicated with the Institute by phone and email since 2020. Roughly seven in 10 rate their experience in communicating positively. While there was strong uptake of the virtual alternatives on offer during the pandemic, there is confidence in returning to face-to-face events. Indeed, the research points to a desire, particularly among younger members, to engage and learn about how they can make their membership work for them and derive the greatest value from it.  Consistent with many of our peers globally, we have seen drops in key member metrics, such as satisfaction and relevance as well as likelihood to recommend the qualification. While, unsurprising, given these unusual times, it is an important alert for the Institute that is already prompting action.   How we are responding to the findings In a changed external environment, and armed with considerable insights, our challenge now is to reposition how we engage with members, with a particular focus on younger members at the start of their career, to optimise their experience of the profession. We are working closely with the Chartered Accountants Student Society of Ireland (CASSI) and the Young Professionals Committee in so doing.  Our members are some of the strongest advocates for the profession, and, at a time when there is a continuing shortage of qualified accountants, it is incumbent upon us to ensure the membership experience is a positive, rewarding, and relevant one for these most important advocates.  One of the ways we will be doing this in the coming weeks and months will be through a campaign to put the tools into members’ hands to make their membership work for them. It will feature real members speaking about how they’ve made the most of their membership and will be accompanied by an updated member section on the website to help users better access and understand what is available, from membership details to Continuing Professional Development, conferences, social events, and supports. Our focus is on giving more control of their experience to our members, so that this experience can be tailored and made to work for the individual.   In closing, I want to return to a theme I touched on at the outset—resilience in the face of sustained pressure. One-in-two respondents reported that COVID had a negative impact on their mental health, compared to 2020. Younger members were less likely to be aware of the Institute’s member support service CA Support, and we will be working to increase awareness of this important resource.  Brendan O'Hora is Director, Members, at Chartered Accountants Ireland

Jennifer Nickerson left a successful career in Dublin to co-found a whiskey distillery in rural Tipperary. She tells Accountancy Ireland about her inspiration, ambitions and lessons learned along the way When Jennifer Nickerson co-founded Tipperary Boutique Distillery in 2014, the Aberdeen-born Chartered Accountant had already risen through the ranks at KPMG in Dublin to become an associate director in the tax department just seven years after joining as a trainee. Tipperary Boutique Distillery is now exporting worldwide and employs seven people in south Tipperary with further plans for expansion. Here, Nickerson tells us about what inspired her move into entrepreneurship and her experiences establishing and growing a small business with global reach. Q: Tell us about your life and career prior to co-founding Tipperary Boutique Distillery—what prompted you to become a Chartered Accountant? I grew up in Scotland and my dad, Stuart, was a master distiller. He managed and worked as a consultant for some of Scotland’s best scotch producers, such as Glenfiddich, Balvenie and William Grant & Sons. You could say I grew up in the industry. I loved it, especially the passion the people working in it had. I went to college in Edinburgh for six years, studying Veterinary Medicine initially and then switching to Accountancy. I decided I didn’t want to work outside in the cold and wet.  I wanted to work in an office and I had this perception that a job in accountancy would be “nine-to-five”.  I was wrong about that, but after meeting my husband Liam and moving to Ireland to train, I found I really enjoyed the problem-solving aspect of the work. Numbers make sense. There is a “right answer” and that can be very satisfying.  I worked in the tax department at KPMG and did a lot of advisory work. The hours were long but there was great camaraderie and that makes for a really nice working environment. Q: So you had settled into this new career in Dublin and you were enjoying it. What prompted you to up sticks and move to rural Ireland to set up a whiskey distillery? I married a farmer—but I did tell him that I wouldn’t be moving to Tipperary unless there was work there that would interest me as much as what I was doing with KPMG in Dublin. We talked it through and my dad had already mentioned during a visit to Ballindoney, Liam’s family farm near Clonmel, that it would be the ideal setting for a whiskey distillery. We could grow grain, we had the land to build a distillery on, there was good quality water in Tipperary and good conditions for maturing whiskey as it’s a little bit warmer than Scotland. He really just mentioned it in passing, but it struck a chord. I’d had lots of experience putting together business plans and I was lucky that Liam had a steady job working for the county council. It was a calculated risk and we could afford to do it, so we went for it. Q: What was your vision for Tipperary Boutique Distillery starting out in 2014? Ultimately, we wanted to produce a world-class whiskey from grain to glass here on Ballindoney Farm.  We knew we had everything we needed, but we also knew it would take time, because distilleries are expensive and there is also the cost of laying down spirit for at least three years before it can be sold as whiskey. It wasn’t until 2020 that we finally had the funding raised, the facility built and the equipment installed to open our own distillery. We had started outsourcing Irish whiskey casks from other distilleries cut to bottling strength with water from our farm and released our very first expression way back in March, 2015.  After that, we started taking our own grain from the farm, having it malted and distilled by my dad at other facilities. Now, we are able to do everything apart from malting here in our own distillery. We grow our own grain, we mill, we mash, we ferment, we distill, we mature and we bottle here on the farm.  Q: Tell us about your markets? What countries do you sell to and where do you have the healthiest trade? We sell into Belgium, France, Canada, into several states in the US, and a little in Korea and Singapore. We were selling to Russia, but obviously not any more, and we were in discussions with distributors in Ukraine and Poland, but the impact of the war has scuppered both. Germany is our biggest market, Italy is great, and Belgium is a surprisingly steady little market as well.  In Ireland, we sell online ourselves at tipperarydistillery.ie and through Irishmalts.com, James J Fox, The Celtic Whiskey Shop, and through local retailers around the country. Q: What was it like moving from a successful career as a tax advisor in a Big 4 environment into the cut and thrust of entrepreneurship? Was it a good experience? It was massively humbling to be honest, but also incredibly rewarding. At the start, I did miss having colleagues to talk to and bounce ideas off. I really felt I was on my own and it took me a while to find my feet. My background in accountancy definitely helped a lot with the ‘form filing’—understanding bills and applying for licenses, things like that. At the same time, there were lots of things I didn’t know about, like where to get a barcode or source seals for bottles. It was a massive learning curve. Q: What are the most important lessons you have learned so far running your own business? I had no idea starting out how vitally important sales are. That sounds like a ridiculous statement, but it took a long time for me to shift my mindset away from numbers and deadlines to just getting out there and going after sales.  What I know now is that you can’t give up. It’s no good just sending out an email to a potential customer and waiting for them to come back to you. You have to keep trying and telling literally everyone you can how great your product is and why. That can be really hard because it’s very different to sitting in front of a computer as an accountant and working to a deadline. You have to be willing and able to stand up on a stage and say, “this is what we’re doing, we’re amazing and our product is the best”.  There is a theory that 80 percent of all sales in any business come from 20 percent of costumers. Based on my own experience, I’d have to agree with that. There’s really no point in chasing one-off sales. It’s far more important to focus on valued relationships than driving around trying to get a bottle into every bar in the country. On the other side of the coin, you have to chase your bills just as much. If you’re not getting paid, you’re in trouble. Q: How has the COVID-19 pandemic and the more recent war in Ukraine affected your business and how have you responded? As soon as the Pandemic hit, our orders from overseas plummeted. We had two pallets due to go to a distributor in a country that was very badly impacted by the pandemic and they ended up having to wait six months to take delivery. Irish people are brilliant though. They started buying more Irish whiskey during the pandemic and that really saved our business. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine had a massive impact as well, because it caused major supply chain issues for us and other producers. We had to change our glass suppliers, and we had really big delays with cork supplies, the capsules for the top of the bottle seals, cardboard for packaging deliveries—you name it, everything was disrupted. Most of our suppliers I tried to keep, because we have good relationships with them and that’s really important in business. We were also probably lucky that we are quite a small operation, so we have been able to adapt more quickly than bigger producers. Q: The Irish whiskey industry has grown enormously in recent years—do you think there is room for further growth and what are your own plans from here? When we started back in 2014, there were something like six craft distilleries in Ireland, but by the time our own distillery was up-and-running in 2020, the number had risen to around 40.  The market grew so much in that time. There is a lot more competition now and a lot more diversity in the sector, but there are also a lot more customers buying Irish whiskey in Ireland and overseas. I think there is still scope for some growth in the market. Forty distilleries sounds like a lot, but Scotland has around 100. What we are seeing is that, as the market matures, there is less focus on cost and greater focus on quality. Each producer has to know their niche and communicate it well to the marketplace. For Tipperary Boutique Distillery, our plan now is to continue to sell in Europe, and expand our presence in America and Asia. We want to continue to grow sustainably and one day—hopefully soon—open our own visitor centre at our distillery here on Ballindoney Farm.

Wavering over support for Ukraine’s defence against Russia is not an option. The stakes are too high for Europe’s stability and unity, writes Judy Dempsey Russia’s war against Ukraine is approaching its tenth month. Despite Russian President Vladimir Putin’s original aim of conquering Ukraine within days after his 24 February invasion, Russian troops have been forced to withdraw from strategic areas in eastern Ukraine.  It’s too difficult to speculate how and when this war will end, but there is already a sense of war fatigue among some governments and political parties in Europe and the United States—ignoring the fact that Russia has been escalating this war over the past few months and Ukraine must continue to fight for its independence. There is even some suggestion that Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelensky should be persuaded to negotiate with Putin.  This would be a mistake.  Understandably, several EU countries—especially the Baltic States, Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia—do not trust Putin’s intentions. They want Ukraine to continue regaining occupied territory and then negotiate from a position of strength. This kind of victory for Ukraine would have several outcomes for the region and the EU. A Ukrainian victory could deter Russia from spreading its military and political influence in Moldova, Georgia and Armenia. Such a victory would be a fillip to pro-European political movements in these countries.  As for Belarus, there is little chance that the political future of Alexander Lukashenka, who has imprisoned many Belarussians since their failed uprising over two years ago and repressed any kind of opposition, would survive.   A Ukrainian defeat, on the other hand, could encourage the Kremlin to extend its influence over Eastern Europe and consolidate Lukashenka’s regime which would, in the short-term, increase his grip on power. In the long term, this ‘stability’ based on repression would lead to instability.  In short, a victory by Ukraine could increase the stability of Eastern Europe. A Russian victory would lead to instability in the region. As for the EU, a return to Russia exerting its political and economic influence over Eastern Europe would have several consequences.  First, it would lead to new divisions on the European continent.  Second, as many EU countries have taken in Ukrainians, an unstable Eastern Europe would lead to new flows of refugees. Populist movements could exploit such a development.  Third, it would lead to deeper divisions inside the EU. The Central European countries would oppose any negotiations that would allow Putin to save face. Germany and France might be tempted to restore relations with the Kremlin—indeed, neither Berlin nor Paris have called unambiguously for Ukraine to win this war.  Fourth, given these differences, it is hard to see how the EU could ever agree to a strong and united foreign, security and defence policy. Russia’s war against Ukraine has exposed the level of distrust between the Central European and big EU member states. Small EU countries matter. Perhaps, for example, Ireland, Finland and Denmark, could form coalitions of the willing with the Central Europeans to maintain political, military and economic support for Ukraine.  Wavering over support for Ukraine is not an option. The stakes are too high for Europe’s stability and unity. Judy Dempsey is a Non-Resident Senior Fellow at Carnegie Europe and Editor-in-Chief of Strategic Europe

Attracting, retaining and upskilling their people will be a top priority for Ireland’s chief financial officers in 2023. Colin Kerr reports As Irish businesses approach another year of uncertainty, Ireland’s chief financial officers (CFOs) are looking to workforce upskilling as a major “investment opportunity” in the 12 months ahead. The latest Deloitte CFO survey benchmarked the sentiment of 1,151 CFOs in 15 countries in Europe. Published in mid-November, the bi-annual survey sought the views of 75 senior finance executives in Irish business, in sectors ranging from construction, healthcare, and manufacturing, to retail, tourism and transport.  Seventy-two percent said upskilling was a major priority for them currently, while 96 percent identified attracting and retaining skilled talent as one of the biggest risks they would face in 2023. “This outweighs their assessment of other risks, such as the economic outlook for Ireland, the geopolitical outlook, supply chain logistics, and cyber risk,” said Danny Gaffney, Partner, Deloitte Ireland. “The survey also highlighted the point that a lot of CFOs are recognising the multiple benefits of upskilling at a macro level. As Irish businesses upskill their teams, it creates capacity within those teams and CFOs see the importance of that given the constrained talent market.” Businesses in Ireland are refocusing their workforce policies and planning talent attraction and retention, according to Deloitte’s findings. Eighty-five percent are looking at rolling out flexible working patterns, while 69 percent are reviewing their reward offering.  Sixty-eight percent, meanwhile, are investing in wellbeing and assistance programmes, and 59 percent are investing in sustainability initiatives, such as measures to reduce their carbon footprint. “Wellbeing and assistance programmes are actually getting leveraged to a greater degree. Going back to the hybrid discussion, the usual supports that are available onsite are not always available when you are working in a hybrid environment,” said Gaffney. “Having in place good wellbeing and assistance programmes is very useful to organisations in the hybrid environment where CFOs and their teams are not as well-connected as they would be onsite.” Gaffney advised that CFOs put a clear strategy in place when considering how best to upskill their team. “What we need are practical solutions where team members continue in their roles and can upskill around the working day, either in person or online,” he said. “At Deloitte, we are working with clients to help them meet this challenge, including an increasing focus on digital technologies. Personally, I would encourage CFOs to look at training as a better use of their internal capital than focusing on external resources, as a means to allow them to do some of the challenging things they are not doing at present.” The pursuit of digital finance strategies is one of the challenges facing CFOs. Upskilling existing employees can help to meet this challenge. “Getting upskilling right is essential. If you don’t get it right, it falls by the wayside and the business, the CFO and the internal teams all lose out as a result,” said Gaffney. “The biggest trap CFOs can fall into is making upskilling too complicated. The three pillars I would identify are: Show, Support, Assess. CFOs need to be sure the people on their teams are getting the specific training and development they need.” Communication is equally important, as is commitment, according to Gaffney. “It is a two-way street and both the CFO and their team need to be open, upfront and honest in advance of committing to training and upskilling,” he said.  “The business needs to understand the team motive and the individual team members, who are being upskilled, need to understand the business motive behind the process. Commitment is also key because—if we are talking about businesses trying to generate capability to create business value going forward—they need to be committed to ensuring the right conditions are in place for their teams to excel during and after the upskilling.” The growing trend towards hybrid working among businesses in Ireland offers its own potential opportunities. “Remote and online training is much more commonplace now than it was two or three years ago,” said Gaffney.  “With hybrid working, the big challenge a lot of businesses and organisations have faced, and continue to face, concerns connectivity. They can say, ‘we mandate you to be in the office on particular days each week,’ and that can lead to a reaction that may be very negative.  “On the other hand, there are workplaces that are more employee-led in terms of when people are required to come into the office. The challenge in this scenario is that these employees can feel disconnected from the organisation.  “Training is a brilliant way to make people feel connected. When training is made available to me through work, I feel that I am valued and more aligned to my role. This is because I can see that both my organisation and I understand what it takes for me to be successful.” The foremost challenge for many organisations is their CFO’s capacity to “absorb costs”, both new and existing, Gaffney said. “Rates of inflation will remain higher for a longer period of time, as the cost of debt rises and the appetite for risk declines, and organic growth is more of a focus for the CFOs over merger and acquisition (M&A) activity. “Reducing M&A activity may seem like something CFOs would look to do, but they should look at longer-term investments to mitigate current risks.”

The worse the market sentiment, the better the profit opportunities and, right now, UK equities may represent “the trade of the decade”. Cormac Lucey explains why Diversity is regarded as an unambiguously good thing nowadays. Imagine the reaction you might get if you were to try to assert the contrary among your family or in your social group. But, for all that diversity is pushed and advocated, it can also sometimes be woefully lacking in our public discourse.  More than eyebrows may be raised if somebody states their support for Donald Trump or the UK’s decision to exit the European Union. But, in 2016, millions of sensible people voted for Trump and for Brexit.  Is it not odd that today their viewpoint is so universally dismissed? While being contrary is generally regarded as a negative social habit, it can pay rich dividends from an investment perspective: the worse the market sentiment is, the better the profit opportunities.  This is the credo of contrarian investing. Nathan Rothschild, a 19th-century British financier and member of the Rothschild banking family, is credited with saying that “the time to buy is when there’s blood in the streets”.  Brexit is widely regarded by “right-thinking people” as a self-inflicted wound. A June 2022 analysis by John Springford for the European Centre for Reform concluded that the UK economy had substantially underperformed post-Brexit compared to how it might have fared if the British public had not voted to leave the EU.  UK gross domestic product was 5.2 percent lower than it would have been if the UK had remained in the EU; investment was 13.7 percent lower; and goods trade was down 13.6 percent.  Since then, Boris Johnson has given way as Prime Minister to Liz Truss, and she has been replaced by Rishi Sunak. And there was that snap financial crisis triggered by Kwasi Kwarteng’s mini-budget.  The UK has seldom looked so bad.  There isn’t exactly blood running on the streets, but it is pretty bombed out as a popular investment destination. That’s one reason why Rob Arnott, Chair of Research Affiliates, has argued that UK equities represent “the trade of the decade”. He states that “UK equities offer one of the most attractive risk-return trade-offs, priced to earn a return a notch higher than emerging market equities with significantly lower volatility”.  In essence, Arnott follows the Warren Buffett dictum about the equities market: “in the short-term, the market is a popularity contest; in the long-term, it is a weighing machine”.  As investor holding periods stretch out beyond five years, realised investor returns increasingly become a function of the price paid. So, while very expensive stocks can become even more expensive over a few years, as more time passes, they will increasingly struggle to generate strong returns.  Conversely, if you buy a deeply discounted asset (such as UK value stocks today), they may not initially show a great return but, over time, they should. In fact, with an asset this deeply discounted, there’s every chance it will outperform even in the short-term.  Arnott wrote his piece in early 2021 when he argued that, among the major equity markets, UK stocks were trading in the cheapest quintile of their historical norms based on both price-to-book and price-to-five-year average cash-flow ratios and in the bottom third, based on price-to-five-year average sales ratio. His previous big call—to invest in emerging market value stocks in 2016—generated returns of 80 percent in its first two years. Since announcing this trade of the decade, UK value stocks have risen by over 20 percent while the S&P index is marginally lower than it was, and the Nasdaq has dropped by over 20 percent.  Sometimes diversity of thought isn’t so bad after all. Cormac Lucey is an economic commentator and lecturer at Chartered Accountants Ireland

Developments at the United Nation’s 27th climate conference will have far-reaching implications for financial professionals and businesses worldwide. Susan Rossney digs into the details COP27, the international climate summit, concluded on 20 November after two weeks of negotiations. While last year’s COP saw the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation announce an International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), this year had less reporting-specific news.  One headline was the commitment by CDP (formerly the Carbon Disclosure Project) to incorporate ISSB’s IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures Standard into its global environmental disclosure platform—another step towards greater comparability and coherence of global standards and reporting. On a macro level, though, COPs have a huge importance for businesses worldwide. ‘COPs’—Conferences of the Parties—are summits attended by the nearly 200 countries which have signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).  At COPs, these countries discuss their existing efforts and future plans to deal with climate change and its effects. Any new agreements made at COP tend to be named after the host city, e.g. the ‘Paris Agreement’ (2015), the ‘Glasgow Climate Pact’ (2021). This year we have the ‘Sharm el-Sheikh Implementation Plan’, named after the Egyptian city in which it took place. This plan set up a new loss and damage fund for vulnerable countries most severely impacted by the effects of unpreventable climate change (floods, drought, desertification, and land loss due to rising sea-levels). The inclusion was a landmark moment in global climate politics as it acknowledged that the world’s richer countries—and biggest carbon emitters—are responsible to the developing world for the harm caused by global warming. How to finance this loss and damage, specifically how finance would be channelled to the developing world, was a dominant and contentious topic at COP27. The scale of the finance required is truly enormous. At least $2 trillion a year will be needed by developing countries to enable them to transition from fossil fuels, invest in renewable energy and other low-carbon technology, and cope with the impacts of extreme weather. The final figure is likely to be multiples of that. Although COPs have been criticised as political talking shops, divorced from the lived experience of most citizens and businesses, they have a considerable impact. Close to 200 countries gathering to debate a global response to climate change keeps alive an issue that affects all citizens, albeit not equally.  It restates the importance of holding global warming to the levels agreed upon at the Paris Agreement—i.e. well below 2°C and preferably 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels (we are currently at 1.1–1.2°C). What is decided at COP filters down to organisations through legislation and policy, like Europe’s ‘Fit for 55’ package, Ireland’s Climate Action Plans and sectoral targets, and through investors’ continued demands for projects that are aligned to climate targets to meet their own portfolio requirements.  Ireland will come under continued pressure from the EU to act on measures such as developing our renewable energy and tackling our carbon emissions. Changes are required across all sectors, and all businesses, including SMEs, will have to make changes. Accountants, as their trusted advisers, will need the knowledge to help businesses adapt and thrive in this new reality.   Susan Rossney is Sustainability Officer at Chartered Accountants Ireland

Moves underway globally to reform the audit process should reduce the likelihood of corporate collapses and internal fraud, writes Paul Kilduff Whenever there is a sudden company collapse, a shocking fraud or a financial scandal, the details make the front pages of the newspapers and news sites, and the shareholders and the public rightly ask: ‘And where was audit?’ Work is presently underway to address this vital question. In the US, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) oversees the audits of public companies in order to protect investors. There are quality control standards in place covering personnel, ethics, engagement performance and client acceptance, but the chair of the PCAOB accepts that these are outdated and do not adequately promote audit quality.  The PCAOB’s plan is to close the gaps by updating the rules for how firms should police their audit work. It recently issued its 2022–2026 Strategic Plan for public comment, so these planned developments will take time. In the UK, the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) develops and maintains auditing and assurance standards. The most recent annual report from the FRC on the quality of audit in the UK found that 33 percent of all audits reviewed needed improvement. This was an unacceptably high number of audits, according to the accounting watchdog. Of the 147 audits inspected by the FRC, 41 required ‘further improvements’ and seven needed ‘significant changes’.  The Institute of Internal Auditors believes the FRC findings underline the need for urgent audit reform and robust measures designed to increase audit quality. One solution is to put the FRC audit regulator on a statutory footing with enough new legal powers to do its job effectively. Sadly, the problem of audit quality remains, and it has impacted the work of the auditor for years. High-profile scandals When Nick Leeson single-handedly destroyed Barings Bank, I was an internal audit manager with HSBC in London. My first reaction was one of relief that the calamitous events had not occurred at our bank. My second reaction was one of concern that the bank’s internal audit team and external auditors in Singapore had not discovered the £869 million trading loss hidden by Leeson. Leeson outfoxed audit. When internal audit arrived from the London head office, he met them on the chaotic trading floor of SIMEX, he told them he was very busy, and he avoided the office and all meetings with the auditors. When external audit from a Big 4 firm asked him for a confirmation for a large bogus option trade, Leeson manufactured the confirmation from a page of headed bank notepaper, using scissors, glue, and a photocopier. The audit team was none the wiser as to his deceit. Wirecard AG, a Munich-based electronic payments provider, once valued at €24 billion, went kaput in 2020. The accounts of this listed company included a bank deposit in Singapore of €1.9 billion, which simply did not exist. The Financial Times reported that, instead of obtaining confirmation of the deposit directly from the bank, the auditors relied on documents and screenshots provided by a third-party trustee and by Wirecard staff.  This audit failure happened not once, but at three successive year-ends from 2016 to 2018. I qualified as an ACA many years ago, but even then, obtaining independent confirmation of bank deposits was covered in day one of audit training. The head of the German financial watchdog BaFin was critical of the audit work performed and said the Wirecard scandal was ‘a complete disaster’, adding: ‘It starts with looking at a complete failure of senior management and it goes on to the scores of auditors who couldn’t dig up the truth.’ In the UK, there are recent examples of previously robust companies, which had been audited by leading UK accounting firms, suddenly failing. The demise of retail chain BHS, travel agency Thomas Cook and construction giant Carillion had a major impact on the UK economy, costing the taxpayer millions. The Institute of Internal Auditors believes that stronger governance and audit can help to prevent such collapses occurring in the future, protecting jobs, pensions, investors and incomes. Necessary reform The necessary improvements to audit must deliver on several fronts. The audit profession must ensure that it attracts capable individuals with strong product knowledge, an inquiring mindset, and a character strong enough to deal with any management obstruction.  The improved audit approach must be documented in revised policies and procedures, which must be ingrained in audit work. Quality Assurance functions must be set up or enhanced in firms to ensure standards are met. The cost of implementing these audit reforms must be reasonable to bear, whether the auditor is in an internal audit function, a Big 4 audit firm or a small audit firm with a more limited budget. There is an expectation that audit reform must use all available technology to improve the quality and scope of audit work. In the past, audit sampling may have been acceptable, but with advanced Computer Assisted Audit Techniques (CAATs), 100 percent auditing is the likely optimal solution. Global audit reform must also consider the changing nature of work, and the associated risks. Few auditors thought three years ago that so many employees would now be working on a hybrid basis, relying on remote systems access for client verification, payments processing and other critical tasks.  When reform does arrive, there should be international convergence, so that the audit quality rules in the US, UK and other jurisdictions are consistent and align with international standards, thereby avoiding unnecessary differences and costly duplication that could weaken audit effectiveness.  In the meantime, accountancy bodies are providing new guidance to members.  New guidance  In the UK, the Institute of Accountants in England and Wales recently reported on the significant resources devoted to fraud-related activities within audit firms. It also acknowledged the public perception that auditors can and should be doing much more to deter and detect fraud and to prevent the unexpected failure of large companies due to fraud. It was Lord Justice Lopes who famously summed up the auditor’s duty in the case of Kingston Cotton Mills Co., where the company directors had fraudulently overstated the value of stock, by proclaiming: ‘An auditor is not bound to be a detective. He is a watchdog, but not a bloodhound.’  Lopes opined that the auditor cannot be liable for any wrongdoings they had no reason to suspect were taking place, but that landmark legal judgement was handed down in 1896. The expectation placed on both internal and external auditors is significantly higher today.  The auditor is not specifically expected to search out any fraud or deception in their audit, but if there are warning signs that all is not well, the auditor must investigate these to reach a satisfactory conclusion regarding the audit opinion.  While writing my latest banking book, I researched the case of Joseph Jett, a former bond trader with Kidder Peabody in New York, who created $350 million of phantom trading profits on the bank’s computer systems.  The subsequent post-mortem report stated that the internal auditors learnt that Jett had booked billions of dollars of unusual transactions, but no auditor followed up on this anomaly. The auditor had to explain his work in court, as audit workpapers were produced with hand-written annotations without evidence of action. This is not a situation any auditor would wish to defend.  I also came across Sir Allen Stanford and his Stanford Financial Group, based in Antigua, which was later revealed to be a giant Ponzi scheme. His bank at the time had a value of $8 billion, but it was audited by a small Antiguan audit firm with just ten staff. This should never have been acceptable. When corporate disaster does strike, it is easy to point the finger at the auditor, but this is often unfair. Every auditor comes to work with the intention of doing a good job. The aim of audit reform is to assist and guide the auditor in their work, rather than to make their work more onerous. The global audit reform process is underway, and it must deliver improvements to reduce the likelihood of further high-profile corporate disasters, which damage the reputation of the auditor. In the meantime, the auditor at large would do well to maintain a healthy sense of scepticism.  Paul Kilduff B.Comm FCA is an author and banker, who has worked with HSBC, Bank of Ireland, Bank of America, Barclays and Citibank. His eighth book, Stupid Bankers: The World’s Worst Banking Disasters Revealed, is available exclusively on Amazon UK in paperback and Kindle format

Chartered Accountant Eamonn Hughes is playing a leading role in Bank of Ireland’s Responsible and Sustainable Business Strategy. Hughes tells Accountancy Ireland about the four-year plan and his goals as Chief Sustainability and Investor Relations Officer  Before joining Bank of Ireland Group in February as Chief Sustainability and Investor Relations Officer, Chartered Accountant Eamonn Hughes had a longstanding career as a sell-side market analyst with more than 25 years’ experience in capital markets and domestic banking.  Having worked most recently with Goodbody, the stockbroking firm, as Irish Banks and Insurance Sector Analyst and, before that, Head of Research, Hughes also had a clear view of the swift rise in environmental, social and governance (ESG) to the top of the financial agenda worldwide. “I could see that ESG was becoming hugely important in capital markets and the financial sector. The climate crisis, in particular, is a critical threat, but also a significant opportunity,” said Hughes. “For our planet, there is no Plan B, but the discussion about sustainability is not just about climate change. It is also about creating a more sustainable business model. Our vision at Bank of Ireland is to be the national champion in Ireland, to use our balance sheet and resources to drive positive change for a better, fairer society and improve the environment. “This gives me a very strong framework to think about my role, because, if we can deliver on our ESG strategy, we can ultimately deliver a more sustainable business model for all stakeholders and positive returns for investors. “The ESG agenda also involves regulators, so disclosure and risk management are very important—and there are reporting frameworks in place, but they are evolving very quickly. This is one of the challenges we face and is also why transparency and the availability of clear data is so important.  “With my background in capital markets, I can clearly see the mobilisation in capital, and I think the banking sector has a very obvious supporting role to play in society’s sustainability transition.” Investing in tomorrow Bank of Ireland published its Responsible and Sustainable Business Strategy in March 2021, a year before Hughes joined the group.  Bank of Ireland’s four-year Investing in Tomorrow strategy set out its own goals to support the green transition, alongside two additional pillars: enabling colleagues to thrive; and enhancing customers’ financial wellbeing. The Investing in Tomorrow green transition pillar included the setting of science-based targets aligning the bank’s lending portfolios with the Paris Agreement. The international treaty on climate change, adopted in 2015 at COP 21, set out a goal to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels. “Data is key across all three pillars, because reporting is essentially an output of what we are doing in support of climate change, colleagues, customers and the organisation as a whole,” said Hughes. “We need to focus on how we interact with our stakeholders internally and externally and, in my role, investors are obviously a key priority. As investors now have to produce more disclosures themselves, they will need to engage more with us in terms of what we are doing on our own ESG journey.” Clear reporting strategy How Bank of Ireland communicates with, and reports to, stakeholders on the progress of its ESG strategy is a priority for Hughes in his role as Chief Sustainability and Investor Relations Officer. “Ultimately, we need to explain how we are meeting the targets set out in our strategy, and it is incumbent upon us to develop the capacity and skill sets we need to support reporting and strategy delivery,” he said. “My role is to support in delivering across all three pillars, which involves a lot of data-gathering internally, particularly from a regulatory and reporting perspective.” Detailed progress reports on ESG will now be a core part of Bank of Ireland’s annual reporting cycle. “We need to be able to demonstrate clearly that we are creating a sustainable business strategy, enabling colleagues to thrive in the organisation and enhancing financial well-being among customers, in addition to supporting the sustainable transition,” said Hughes. “Transparency is hugely important. There are a lot of differentials in this space, so we need to standardise our reporting; to be able to explain clearly and cohesively what we are doing and why.” Commercialisation is becoming increasingly important as Bank of Ireland continues to implement Investing in Tomorrow, Hughes said. “Like many banks, we are in the commercialisation phase of our ESG strategy with the creation of sustainable finance solutions for, and increasing engagement with, customers. We are supporting and incentivising customers through competitive rates to buy or build an energy efficient home or to retrofit their home or business to make it more energy efficient.” Sustainable finance fund Bank of Ireland recently announced a €3 billion increase in its Sustainable Finance Fund, which will bring it to €5 billion by 2024. The fund covers green propositions, including mortgages, home improvement loans and business  loans.  Bank of Ireland’s inaugural standalone Responsible and Sustainable Business Report, published in June, tracked the progress of its ESG strategy in 2021. More than €1.8 billion in mortgages, home improvement loans and business loans had been drawn down from the Sustainable Finance Fund by the end of the year, the report stated. Thirty-five percent of all mortgages provided by the bank in 2021 were green, rising to 48 percent in the first half of 2022.  Bank of Ireland was also the largest provider of wholesale finance for electric vehicles in 2021, providing finance to 13 of the 15 car manufacturer franchises. The publication of the Responsible and Sustainable Business Report marked a significant “step-change in the tracking and transparency” of the bank’s ESG reporting, Hughes noted.  “Our stakeholders—including customers, shareholders, and regulators—are demanding far greater transparency as to how we are meeting our ESG commitments,” he said. “This report provides insight into our strategic approach, appraisal of our progress to achieve our purpose, and information on the key focus areas we plan to progress in the years ahead. Being clear on ESG, and showing how you are delivering what you sign up to, is now a commercial imperative for all lenders, including Bank of Ireland.” Science-based targets Bank of Ireland has also committed to setting science-based targets across portfolios and operations to align lending practice with the low carbon ambitions set out in the Paris Agreement. “We completed two successful green bond issuances in 2021, raising €1.25 billion with the capital used to finance green buildings, renewable energy projects and clean transportation,” said Hughes. “Thirty-five per cent of the mortgages we provided in 2021 were green and we have also launched a green mortgage product in the UK.” Bank of Ireland is providing finance for the development of at least 750 megawatts of renewable wind capacity across the island of Ireland. The bank is also in the process of decarbonising its own operations—reducing absolute emissions by 88 percent between 2011 and 2021. Social and governance Although supporting the green agenda is a major part of Investing in Tomorrow, the strategy also sets goals for investing in colleagues and enhancing customers’ financial wellbeing. “We recognise the supporting role we can play in Ireland’s response to the climate crisis, but the ‘S’ and ‘G’ are equally important when we consider ESG,” Hughes said. “We have a strategy to improve the financial wellbeing of our customers and to foster a financially inclusive society.” Bank of Ireland was, Hughes said, supporting customers to become more financially confident, while also working to simplify processes, so that the “financially marginalised have easier access to banking services.” Financial health and inclusion  Bank of Ireland is one of 28 banks around the world that have signed the Commitment to Financial Health and Inclusion published in December 2021 under the United Nations Principles for Responsible Banking (PRB). A first-of-its-kind initiative aimed at promoting universal financial inclusion and health in the banking sector, its launch closely followed the publication of the UN’s PRB Collective Progress Report. The report identified financial inclusion as the third most pressing sustainability challenge facing signatory banks, behind climate mitigation and adaptation. “This UN initiative is particularly important in an environment in which we have a cost-of-living crisis and customers are facing major challenges in the medium- to long-term. The question for us is, ‘how can we deliver this particular skill set and support our customers at a time when they really need it?’” said Hughes. Bank of Ireland is also helping customers to “live more sustainably” with the recent announcement of the roll out of bio-sourced debit and credit cards. Launched in October, the initiative will over time replace all plastic debit and credit cards issued by the bank, to help support the reduction of single-use plastic. “If we are to live in a more sustainable way, we need to do things differently, including through our everyday banking. The introduction of bio-sourced cards is a very practical way we can help our customers to reduce their environmental footprint,” Hughes said. “As a bank, we are working very closely with our customers on the sustainability transition. As they deliver, we deliver. It is a symbiotic relationship and an exciting place to be.”  

Martin Moloney, Secretary General of the International Organisation of Securities Commissions, outlines his priorities for the year ahead Irishman Martin Moloney is Secretary General of the International Organisation of Securities Commissions (IOSCO). Headquartered in Madrid, Spain, the international body brings together the world’s securities regulators and is recognised as the standard setter for the securities sector worldwide. IOSCO develops, implements, and promotes adherence to internationally recognised standards for securities regulation, working closely with the G20 and the Financial Stability Board (FSB) on global regulatory reform. Accountancy Ireland sat down with Moloney to discuss his goals, priorities, and concerns for the year ahead. Q: What are the biggest risks facing investors around the world right now and how is IOSCO working with securities regulatory agencies to address these risks? The risks that investors face never really change. There are some fundamentals. You can hire the wrong advisers, you can pay them too much, you can choose the wrong times to get in or out of markets, and you can invest in the wrong things. These risks are the core risks for investors, and they have been for as long as financial markets have existed. The difficulty is that financial markets are constantly changing. New asset classes like crypto are emerging, and there are new ways in which intermediaries work on your behalf, but also earn fees for themselves. This creates new risks for investors. Also, as we saw from recent events in the UK, markets can go into sudden periods of stress and crash. We do our best, working with others, to try to make markets as resilient as they can be, to ensure that these episodes are few and far between insofar as we can. These are the big issues facing us currently. Really, it all comes down to integrity—being able to trust the price you see when you invest in the markets and ensuring that you are not being fooled by people who are trying to cheat you out of your money. Q: You have described the rise of cryptocurrency as an area fraught with risk, requiring “a lot of work” on the part of regulators. Can you tell us more? There is no doubt in my mind that we have reached a turning point in relation to crypto. This is not because of the so-called ‘Crypto Winter’. The value of crypto might go up or down, but that is not really the issue. The point that we all have to observe and recognise is that crypto has survived and has continued to survive over a number of years. It is reasonable to assume that it is not going away and, therefore, it has to be regulated. I am delighted to say that, since I have joined IOSCO, the organisation has moved forward with its policy in this area and is now very quickly developing a set of guidelines for the market on how different jurisdictions should regulate crypto and the common standards they should aim to achieve in doing so. We are seeing a number of regions, notably the United States and Europe, now moving towards developing legal frameworks. I have no doubt that this is far from the end of the matter, however—it is just the beginning. Crypto is going to evolve and change as people get on top of the technology and new opportunities emerge. The most important thing we must all keep an eye on here is the outcome for the investor. In the first years of crypto, a huge number of people lost money through fraud. Other people, who may not even have been aware of it, lost money through market manipulation, insider trading and various other dubious activities we know well. Very often, this has been driven by conflicts of interest. If you dig down into the principles articulated by IOSCO for financial markets many years ago, you will find us warning against many of the phenomena we are now seeing in crypto markets. Theft does not change. It might happen in a different location, but theft is still theft. Bad management is still bad management, no matter where it happens. It is up to us to re-articulate these very simple, but really important, ideas and explain how they can apply in the crypto space. It is also important for the crypto sector itself to come up with good solutions and technologically enabled solutions, so that its work can be supervised and that it can reach the same standard of regulation as the rest of the financial sector. There are a number of individuals, I think, within the crypto sector who have come to understand that they need to move positively towards a strong regulatory framework in order to bottom out their businesses and remain stable. If we do not start to see self-regulation within the crypto sector, then I think we will see more jurisdictions banning crypto. It is just not sustainable over the medium term to try to avoid the regulatory frameworks that apply to everyone else. It is one thing to see yourself as a different asset class. It’s quite another to see yourself as an entirely different industry when you are effectively doing the same thing. Q: So, you do believe that cryptocurrency has a long-term future provided that there is robust regulation in place across the board? I think there is some potential for this asset class, but it is going to become more challenging. I don’t have a crystal ball, so I try not to predict the future. I see some very interesting new products developing in the decentralised finance space, and I wonder if this is ultimately where crypto is going to go. We are all used to a simple model in which you get quite non-functional assets like Bitcoin being traded and people making money primarily out of the bubbles in Bitcoin. The use cases for crypto continue to be worked on extensively, however. So, every time you have one of those bubbles, what is actually happening is that money is being raised to allow people to invest in new potential use cases. There are now so many use cases that have come and gone, and failed ideas that have been touted and promoted, you could be forgiven for thinking that there are no use cases left for crypto—but that is probably wrong. I think people will continue trying to figure out good use cases for crypto. I don’t think it’s going away any time soon. Q: You have spoken recently about the greenwashing risk facing securities regulators—what can be done to address this? We put out a couple of reports in 2021 where we looked at the greenwashing issue in great detail, listing the different ways in which this phenomenon occurs. We had to acknowledge, however, that it is not just about ‘evil intent’. Activity that might be described as greenwashing often happens, because the market structures needed to adequately support sustainable finance are not yet in place. Sometimes, you do get people who are frankly trying to fool investors by issuing misleading information, but, equally, the markets as they stand are just not built for sustainable financing. Having identified the problem and having asked the industry to work as hard as possible to reduce the amount of greenwashing that now exists, we have had to acknowledge that the system itself needs to change. Regulators have to do it, governments have to do it, standard-setters have to do it—to create a better system to achieve true sustainable finance. If, for example, I am proposing an investment that has a strong impact in terms of reducing carbon emissions, I should get a better price on the market and a better investment price for that security than someone who comes to market with a security for a carbon-emitting project. We want the market to be sensitive to the environmental impact of different proposals, companies and products. They must have access to information that is reliable; that has been independently audited; and that brokers can bring together to compare stocks from different parts of the world and determine differential pricing based on their impact on the environment. Getting all of this right would be an incredibly hard job, so we have broken the job down into a number of elements. We will be progressively working on putting these building blocks in place over the next couple of years, in order to make sure that the process can be regulated and that people who don’t do the right thing can be held to account on the basis that they could have done the right thing and chose not to. Q: As the move to establish standards for environmental, social and governance (ESG) reporting gathers pace, what is your take on the current efforts underway? We have a very close relationship with the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB). We effectively oversee its work and, if we like what it is doing, we will endorse its standards, and recommend those standards to individual regulatory securities agencies around the world, so that these jurisdictions can adopt the standards as they see fit. The fundamental issue we are all facing is that a sustainable financial marketplace has to be a global marketplace. If you have fragmentation and you don’t have the same information sets available in different parts of the world, you cannot have a true comparison between different securities, and capital cannot flow to the best projects. It is no good for anyone if Europe is pristine, while the rest of the world is working in a different way. What happens in the Amazonian rainforest matters to all of us. Capital, therefore, has to flow from those places where it is abundant, such as Europe and North America, to locations in which the opportunities exist to do the right thing. What IOSCO has said to the countries we work with around the world is, “do this any way you want, but use the ISSB standards as a baseline and build your own approach on that foundation”. Put simply, you can do all you want in the ESG space, but unless we have a common core, we cannot create a global financial market that will bring about any real change. Q: Can you tell us about the work you are doing with the Financial Stability Board in relation to investment funds? This is a very big project for us. Investment funds are a crucial mechanism all around the world for people to get access to markets on a collective basis, but they can have a concerning impact on markets in periods of crisis. We have been doing work in this area since 2016. We have done a lot already, but there is more to do. A major focus for us next year will be trying to make sure that the kind of funds both ordinary individual investors and the more risk-averse institutional investors choose are safe in a crisis. We are trying to ensure that, if you are investing in a product that is riskier, it will be clear to you that it is more difficult to get your money out of it; that these kinds of investment funds are not the equivalent of a bank account. This is a typical example of what we do, but there are lots of others. We do a lot of work on cyber-resilience, and we are also very interested in the change in the behaviour of retail investors and their vulnerability to scams. One of the problems we face at the moment is that, while technology has made it easy or cheap for people to invest in the markets, it has also made it easy or cheap for fraudsters to get at many thousands of people. We need to figure out better and better ways to stop these fraudsters and prevent them in their designs. About Martin Moloney Prior to joining IOSCO as Secretary General in September 2021, Martin Moloney was Director General of the Jersey Financial Services Commission and, before that, he worked as a Special Adviser on Risk and Regulation to the Central Bank of Ireland, where he served for 16 years, previously heading up the Markets Policy, Markets Supervision, and Legal and Finance Divisions. Moloney began his early career working in industry with Barclays Bank and Bank of Ireland in London, before returning to Ireland to work with the Department of Justice, Department of Finance, the Irish Competition Authority. Born in Dublin, he has a master’s degrees in Business Law and Economic Policy, both from Trinity College Dublin.

Elaine Coughlan, one of Ireland’s most successful venture capital investors, tells us how her experience in accountancy and audit led to a high-flying career in technology Since qualifying as a Chartered Accountant and cutting her teeth in audit in the 1990s, just as the first wave of tech entrepreneurs in Ireland were beginning to access US capital markets, Elaine Coughlan has carved out an illustrious career in venture capital. Dublin-born Coughlan is the co-founder and joint Managing Partner of Atlantic Bridge, the global growth technology fund with more than €1 billion in assets under management across nine funds. For Coughlan, her career is a testament to both her training in finance and the power of human connection in business the world over. “Atlantic Bridge has over 35 companies we have successfully sold or ‘IPOed’ and I am immensely proud of that,” she says. “The wins drive you on because you can see what’s possible and those Irish entrepreneurs become role models for the next generation. I’m proud of the assets we have under management, and that Atlantic Bridge now has people in Dublin, London, Paris, Munich and Palo Alto in Silicon Valley. That is a truly global footprint, and it really helps us to scale our companies.” Early connections Coughlan credits the professional connections she made at an early stage in her career at Ernst & Young with setting her on the path to professional success. “Some of the people I met back in the nineties, our clients at the time, were hugely influential on me,” she says. Among those clients was Smurfit (now Smurfit Kappa), already a long-established industry leader in paper packaging production. “I was seconded from Ernst & Young to work with Smurfit when it was probably the number one Irish company in terms of market capitalisation and really blazing a trail in Irish business,” she says. “It is still a phenomenal company today, but for me at that time, Smurfit was just so ambitious and far-reaching in its approach to mergers and acquisitions, and the capital markets. I worked on fundraising and acquisitions with them and had early exposure to some of their senior executives—people like Gerry Fagan, their then-CFO.” Coughlan forged other crucial connections at the time with Bill McCabe, founder of CBT, the e-learning group, and Iona Technologies’ Chris Horn. “Bill and Chris were the first entrepreneurs in Ireland to float tech companies on the Nasdaq and, if you look at what they had in common with Smurfit, it was really that they were all entrepreneurial,” she says now. Coughlan would leave Ernst & Young to join Iona ahead of the company’s Initial Public Offering. “I knew then that practice probably wasn’t for me. That’s not to say that you can’t be entrepreneurial in practice, but the cut and thrust of the tech business pulled me in,” she says. “I remember traveling over to the US with CBT back in 1993 and that was it for me. There was such a sense of possibility.” Coughlan went on to join Parthus, the semiconductor IP company co-founded by Brian Long, and the pair formed an abiding partnership, co-founding both Atlantic Bridge and GloNav, the GPS company acquired in 2007 for $110 million. “All these years later, I am still in business with the same people, and they were the people that had an impact on me starting out. They were the people I learned from and the people who were generous with their time and their knowledge, and willing to give me experience and opportunities,” she says. For young Chartered Accountants starting out in their career, Coughlan has this advice: “Above all else, nurture your connections. These young professionals will already be well-qualified and proven in their ability and resilience, because training to become a Chartered Accountant is challenging in itself,” she says. “The question they have to ask themselves is ‘what differentiates me beyond that?’ It comes down to being able to combine your knowledge with strong relationships in ways that bring about better outcomes.” As Coughlan sees it, building solid sustainable relationships in business isn’t simply a case of networking and ‘transactional interactions’. “It’s about finding people who share your values and ethics, whose accomplishments and abilities you admire, and who have the ability to lead and inspire. You always have to be thinking long-term, not just about your next connection on LinkedIn,” she says. Supporting start-ups Coughlan’s commitment to supporting start-ups and advancing Ireland as a leading hub for technology development was recognised at this year’s Irish Accountancy Awards, at which she won the prize for outstanding contribution to the profession. “When we started Atlantic Bridge in 2004, we wanted to help tech companies in Ireland to scale successfully. Ireland is a small island and a small economy, so there are two things tech companies here need to scale—they need to move beyond the island to reach customers and they need access to capital,” she says. “We wanted to cross the Atlantic to the US, because it is the largest market in the world in terms of customers and capital markets. At the time, Ireland had a VC market of less than €100 million. It’s 10 times that size now, but back then, it was really small.” The primary focus for Atlantic Bridge today continues to be “deep tech” innovators in the business-to-business (B2B) space. “We’re not after instant gratification or overnight success. These are businesses with defensible research-intensive technologies that are primed to scale when the time is right,” says Coughlan. “Our investors are patient. They are looking for strong long-term returns, and we are very proud to have reached the stage where we have raised nine funds, because that is not an easy thing to do in this industry.” Coughlan warns, however, that we are entering a “new investment cycle”, in which surging inflation, rising interest rates, and the risk of recession, are all making investors more risk averse. “The outlook for Atlantic Bridge in the short-term will be cautious and tactical, but beyond that, we are optimistic and deeply committed to the technology trends we are seeing today that will make a difference in the future,” she says. “A lot of the technologies we’re investing in now are in climate change action—low-power, low-carbon enablers—and in medical technology and the digitisation of health, where we can meet unmet needs. We’re focusing on technologies like Artificial Intelligence and semiconductors—the fundamental building blocks that will be built into new products over the next three to five years.” Research and development As the economy enters uncertain terrain, Coughlan is urging the Government to continue investing in research and development (R&D). “Ireland has to continue to invest in R&D. We need to hold our nerve in continuing to invest in the best and brightest people and start-ups, because they will drive the next generation of growth,” she says. “Today, we are investing about 1.25 percent of GDP in R&D. We need to get that up to between 2.5 percent and three percent. The future economy will be knowledge-intensive and that requires knowledge-intensive people.” Coughlan is equally committed to the advancement of her profession, and proud of her own achievements as a Chartered Accountant. “The ‘bean counter’ perception is one too many people have of accountants, but I would probably be the last person you’d ask to do a P&L statement,” she says. “I can tell you if it is right or wrong though, because I understand the numbers and what they mean. I can interrogate and interpret any set of numbers and that is because I am a Chartered Accountant. All business now is run on data and our profession gives us a really strong grounding in using data to make decisions—and that is the future. “There are doors that are opened to you when you train as an accountant. You learn about process, structure, deadlines, and relationships. All of these skills are incredibly important. “You come out of it battle-hardened and resilient, and with all these options: to stay in practice; to focus on technical work; to go into consultancy; financial services; or business and entrepreneurship. The opportunities are phenomenal.” Growing up in Beaumont in north Dublin in the recession-hit 1980s, however, Coughlan had envisaged a different career for herself. It was a chance encounter that set her on the path to accountancy and a high-flying career in venture capital. Early career path “I was good at numbers at school and I studied accountancy for the Leaving Cert, but I wouldn’t say I was destined to be an accountant. I fully recognise now that it was my accountancy and audit experience that led me into the technology industry, but my real interest growing up was people,” she says. “I wanted to work in a people-focused environment, so I applied to study marketing and languages at DCU and went for a summer job at a small accountancy firm to keep me going in the meantime.” Coughlan didn’t get the summer job, but she was contacted by her interviewer and urged instead to consider accountancy as a full-time career. “It was 1989, unemployment in Ireland was something like 15 percent and so many people were emigrating to find work in the UK and the US,” she says. “I didn’t know anything about becoming a Chartered Accountant, but I wrote to the Institute and was offered a training contract with Ernst & Young. Here was this opportunity to have my fees paid and earn a wage with guaranteed work in a really tough economy. It was a great deal. That’s why I always say to this day, ‘what’s meant for you won’t pass you by’.”

Welcome to this week’s Technical Roundup. In developments this week, the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group have issued reports about feedback received from participants during three roundtables held on the International Accounting Standards Board’s tentative decisions to change the Exposure Draft General Presentation and Disclosures; the UK Financial Intelligence Unit, part of the National Crime Agency, has issued its latest Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs) Reporter Booklet highlighting how law enforcement agencies are utilising SAR intelligence to initiate investigations and inform new ones. Read more on these and other developments that may be of interest to members below. Auditing The FRC has published a policy paper that outlines the regulator’s approach to competition in the audit market.    The paper sets out the need for a market that consistently delivers high quality audit and is resilient. It makes clear the need for the package of measures proposed by the Government in its response to the consultation on Restoring Trust in Audit and Corporate Governance.  It also looks at recent developments in the market that suggest that increased competition and choice has more recently tailed off, and that more entities tendering for an auditor are struggling to identify firms willing to bid. The top four audit firms still dominate the market, resulting in limited choices for businesses and ongoing concerns about resilience.  The paper sets out how the FRC is seeking to progress the Government's seven competition policy proposals, and how it proposes to deliver on the operational objective for ARGA to promote effective competition in the market for statutory audit.  The FRC has already started to address issues in the market through measures such as operational separation and its recently published draft standard for audit committees. However, legislation is needed to make a significant difference by providing ARGA the powers to implement all seven proposals.   Financial Reporting The European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) have issued reports about feedback received from participants during three roundtables held on the International Accounting Standards Board’s (IASB) tentative decisions to change the Exposure Draft General Presentation and Disclosures. The purpose of these roundtables is to assess whether some of the tentative decisions made by the IASB will function as intended and achieve an appropriate balance of cost and benefit. The IASB has voted to retain an impairment-only approach for goodwill accounting. The IASB will next consider whether to publish these proposals in an exposure draft. The IASB has proposed accelerated narrow-scope amendments  to IAS 12 Income Taxes. This proposes a temporary exception from accounting for deferred taxes arising from the OECD Pillar Two model rules for domestic implementation of a 15% global minimum rate of corporate tax as well as targeted disclosure requirements for affected companies. The IASB expects to publish an exposure draft in January 2023 in relation to this. The IASB has issued its November 2022 update which highlights preliminary decisions made at its meeting on 22-24 November. IFAC has issued a new report with insights from its Professional Accountancy Organisation Development and Advisory Group. This discusses how professional accountancy organisations can act today to prepare their current and future members to seize opportunities in emerging trends. The trends discussed include sustainability-related reporting, anti-corruption efforts, sound public financial management and technological change Insolvency Earlier this week, the Institute held a webinar on SCARP - what we know so far on with guest speakers Des Gibney of McStay Luby and Hilary Larkin of Mazars. The webinar discussed the SCARP process, how to prepare for it, what to look out for and key matters to be aware of when considering it. It explored some practical issues including how SCARP is working in practice, dealing with creditors and what your balance sheet may look like before entering the process versus afterwards. A recording of the webinar is available here. The UK Government has recently issued its Statutory Debt Repayment Plan Consultation response which received over 80 responses and raised significant challenges and concerns, relating to both the design of the statutory debt repayment plan (SDRP) and the timing of its implementation. The government has decided not to progress regulation at the moment and will base further decisions on the future of the SDRP on the outcomes of the government’s review of the personal insolvency framework, led by the Insolvency Service. You can read the government’s webpage information here and access the consultation response here. Anti-money laundering The UK FIU, part of the National Crime Agency has issued its latest Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs) Reporter Booklet highlighting how law enforcement agencies are utilising SAR intelligence to initiate investigations and inform new ones. The booklet contains case studies and gives a sanitised summary of feedback from law enforcement agencies on their use of SARs and includes pertinent information and updates from the UKFIU. You can access a copy of the booklet here . Sustainability The Council of the EU has given its final approval to the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). This will replace the current Non - Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) when it is adopted. The CSRD will for the first time put financial and sustainability reporting on an equal footing and will require companies in scope to report on sustainability matters such as environmental rights, social rights, governance factors and human rights. These in scope companies will be required to disclose information on the impact on society and the environment connected with their own operations and with their value chain. Read more about it here. Accountancy Europe have also published a very informative FAQ document which gives a good overview of the directive. Crypto news The Deputy Governor of the Bank of England recently gave an interesting speech entitled “Reflections on DeFi [which is decentralised finance, an umbrella term for financial services on public blockchains], digital currencies and regulation”. In it he referenced the recent crypto turbulence. He said unbacked crypto assets are highly volatile, given that they have no intrinsic value. While crypto was born in unregulated space in recent years it has broadened to encompass a range of financial services. The experience of the past year has demonstrated that it is not a stable ecosystem and is very prone to the risks that regulation in the conventional financial sector is designed to avoid. He still advocates nonetheless to continue to bring these activities and entities within regulation to protect consumers and investors, protect financial stability and to foster innovation. Other parts of his speech reference several consultations next year and their work on the issuance by the Bank of England of a digitally native pound sterling. You can read the full speech here. Meanwhile the Chief Operating Officer and Executive Director of Authorisations of the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) spoke recently on matters including crypto and its regulation.  At present, the FCA’s role is largely limited to making sure that crypto firms that want to register in the UK are abiding by anti-money laundering rules. She said that the FCA found that only 5% of Crypto applications received were of high quality and could demonstrate that they understood the Money Laundering Regulations (MLRs) and how they would meet these. A further 30% needed material extra work. The FCA engaged with the firms to address concerns about capability, business models and controls. Almost half were subsequently registered. The remaining 65% of applications were very poor, and none of the firms were registered. Many could not explain how the MLRs would be satisfied in the business model proposed – some of them even struggled to explain their business models. You can read her speech including the comments on the Crypto sector here. Other news Readers may be interested in the Irish Government’s recent agreement to extend the mandate of Local Enterprise Offices (LEOs). They can now go further in helping local job creation by allowing them to provide direct grants to businesses with more than 10 employees operating in the manufacturing and internationally traded services sectors. They are also putting in place the structures to enable a seamless transition from LEO to Enterprise Ireland. The press release says, “The strategy also commits Enterprise Ireland to working with the LEOs, to ensure that companies of all sizes are assisted on their development journey, maximising their growth and job creation potential”. You can read all the details here. Readers will know that the Irish Charities Regulator recently held its Charity Trustees Week (14-18 November 2022). There are a number of interesting webinar recordings now available on their website: “Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing”, “the Charites Governance Code in Practice “and “an Introduction to Classification”. Click here to go their webpage from where the webinars can be accessed. Access to the Registry of Beneficial Ownership for Companies (RBO) has been suspended following a recent judgment by the European Court of Justice. The RBO is working on providing access for designated persons. Please see more here.  Readers may find useful a new free data protection guide for NGOs which McCann FitzGerald LLP solicitors recently launched in association with Public Interest Law Alliance (PILA). The guide, which was developed by McCann FitzGerald’s data protection team, provides an overview of data protection law and its application to the charity / not-for-profit sector. You can read more about it and follow a link to download a copy of the guide on the PILA webpage here. Readers might be aware of a new Consumer Rights Act which was passed by the Irish government this year. It was commenced recently and you can find out more about it on the Competition and Consumer Protection Commission website. For further technical information and updates please visit the Technical Hub on the Institute website.