The Department of Finance recently published the Research and Development Tax Credit 2025 review which was undertaken in line with the Department’s tax expenditure guidelines  and which examined the effectiveness of the scheme. As part of the review, a public consultation on the Research and Development (R&D) tax credit and on options to support innovation was conducted in 2025. The Institute submitted feedback as part of this process. One of the key messages from the review is that the R&D tax credit is important for both foreign direct investment and for supporting domestic companies and it fosters higher levels of productivity and innovation. Other findings of the review are as follows: The R&D tax credit contributes to higher levels of research and development which is associated with increased labour productivity and economic growth. Business expenditure on R&D has steadily increased over time and significantly increased in recent years. The R&D tax credit has increased in cost to the Exchequer in recent years with the cost of the R&D tax credit rising from €1.2 billion in 2022 to €1.4 billion in 2023, nearly twice that of the €708 million Exchequer cost in 2015. Companies claiming the R&D tax credit are also significant contributors to the Exchequer through corporation tax receipts. In 2023, total corporation tax liabilities for all claimant companies were €10.53 billion. The cost of the R&D tax credit is concentrated among large companies including multinational companies (MNCs), but participation by SMEs is also strong. Ireland ranks among the most attractive OECD countries for R&D tax incentives. Commenting on the publication of the review, Tánaiste and Minister for Finance, Simon Harris said: “I am delighted to announce the publication of the 2025 Review of the R&D tax credit regime. The R&D tax credit is an important feature of the corporation tax system and plays a key role in our competitiveness and in the development of our knowledge economy. Companies engaged in R&D are at the forefront of developments critical to addressing the challenges of digitalisation and climate change. They also deliver valuable spillover benefits to our education sector and local economies, in addition to supporting high-quality employment in Ireland”.

  In this week’s Sustainability/ESG Bulletin from Chartered Accountants Ireland read about the ESG Network for Chartered Accountants, the new Large Energy User Action Plan (LEAP), how renewable-energy-use has increased in Ireland, and how climate data shows Ireland facing extreme weather in the future. Also covered is Northern Ireland’s moves towards a circular economy, and how the Global Risks Report 2026 identifies uncertainty as the defining theme of global risks, as well as the latest articles, resources and upcoming events.   ESG Network for Chartered Accountants Are you a Chartered Accountant working in ESG/Sustainability or working on ESG-related projects?  Would you like an opportunity to engage with other Chartered Accountants working in this space to share insights, challenges and opportunities?  Chartered Accountants Ireland’s ESG Network allows members working in sustainability/ESG to meet and discuss all matters of interest re ESG and accounting. Next meeting | 28 January 2026, 14.00-15.00 Guest speakers: Eva Sheehy, a Managing Director in CFGI’s Accounting Advisory practice and Dee Moran, Head of Professional Accounting in Chartered Accountants Ireland to discuss developments in sustainability reporting.  If you are a member and would like to join us, email sustainability@charteredaccountants.ie IRELAND Government publishes Large Energy User Action Plan (LEAP) The Government has published its Large Energy User Action Plan (LEAP), laying the foundation for future investments in energy-intensive sectors in an effort to safeguard the energy security, affordability and the competitiveness of Irish enterprise. LEAP aims to facilitate future investment in energy intensive sectors, address existing barriers to energy intensive industrial developments and ensure continued alignment with Ireland’s green energy transition. The implementation of LEAP will provide for green energy parks co-locating energy intensive industrial development with the supply of renewable energy, by private developers. These will be informed by a forthcoming National Planning Statement and other government and regulatory policies Renewable energy use increases in Ireland Renewable energy accounted for 40.2 percent of electricity generated in Ireland in 2024, up from an average of 5.1 percent in 1990-1994. This is according to Environmental Indicators Ireland 2025 – Economy, Emissions and Energy figures released by the Central Statistics Office. The figures also show that environment taxes in Ireland amounted to €5.5 billion in 2024, up 10.8 percent on the 2023 figure of €4.9 billion. Environmental subsidies and similar transfers in Ireland were €1.8 billion in 2023, up from 14.7 percent from the 2022 figure of €1.6 billion. Fossil fuel subsidies (financial incentives provided by governments to oil, gas, and coal industries) were €4.9 billion in 2023, up 4.9 percent from €4.7 billion in 2022, and up 74.2 percent from the 2021 figure of €2.8 billion. Commenting on the release, Reamonn McKeever, CSO Statistician said it highlights that as Ireland’s economy and population grows, production of energy continues to increase to meet that demand. More of that energy is now sourced from renewable sources, which in turn drives lower emissions from energy production. That statistics also show that electric and hybrid cars made up 45.8% of new licenses. Ireland faces extreme weather Climate data from the EU’s Copernicus monitoring service has revealed that 2025 was Earth’s third hottest year on record. The Global Climate Highlights report noted an 11-year streak of temperatures above normal, with analysts warning that this trend will continue, worsening underlying climate conditions. The report notes that Europe was impacted throughout the year by a range of storms and precipitation events, from convective storms to named storms, often associated with flooding, and mentioned Storm Éowyn, which hit Ireland in January 2024 and led to an insurance industry estimated bill of over €301 million. NORTHERN IRELAND Moves towards circular economy in Northern Ireland The Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) is inviting responses to a public consultation on a new strategic approach to the management of resources and waste in Northern Ireland until 2031. Rethinking Our Resources: Northern Ireland Resources and Waste Management Strategy aims to move away from the linear model – of take, make, use and dispose – towards a circular approach of reduce, reuse, repair and recycle – leading by example in how to best manage natural resources and the benefits that can bring. The closing date for responses is 23:59 on 8 April 2026. Progress update on Northern Ireland’s Energy Strategy Economy Minister Dr Caoimhe Archibald has published the Mid-Term Review of the Northern Ireland Executive’s Energy Strategy: The Path to Net Zero Energy. This strategy was published at the end of 2021, followed by the Climate Change Act (Northern Ireland) 2022. It sets out 2030 targets on a pathway to net zero energy by 2050, aiming to make energy secure, affordable and clean for current and future generations. The Review assesses progress against core targets, addresses delivery challenges, and proposes strengthened governance arrangements to ensure success in achieving the 2030 targets. Progress described includes: a 53 percent growth in the turnover of the region’s low-carbon and renewable energy economy since 2015 £72 million of ‘invest to save’ across 160 projects delivering annual energy savings of more than £10 million in the government estate and lowering emissions publication of the final scheme design for the Renewable Electricity Price Guarantee (support scheme). The Department has also produced a suite of updated energy evidence reports, and an interactive dashboard tracking progress against energy strategy targets and metrics. WORLD Uncertainty the defining theme of global risks, says Global Risks Report 2026 Uncertainty is the defining theme of the global risks outlook in 2026, according to the Global Risks Report 2026, which was published this week by the World Economic Forum. According to the report, which presents – among other things – survey insights from over 1,300 experts worldwide, a “contested multipolar landscape is emerging where confrontation is replacing collaboration, and trust – the currency of cooperation – is losing its value.”  Short-term concerns are heightened, the multilateral system is under pressure, economic risks are intensifying.     The report concludes its key findings section with a note of hope: “Yet, history reminds us that order can be rebuilt if nations choose strategic collaboration even amid competition. The future is not a single, fixed path but a range of possible trajectories, each dependent on the decisions we make today as a global community.” TECHNICAL ACCOUNTING UPDATE (From our colleagues in Professional Accounting on 9 January) The European Commission issued an update regarding the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) operational procedures. Other documents have also been published to support businesses in scope of CBAM including: CBAM Compliance Essentials for Importers and Indirect Customs Representatives as from 1 January 2026 CBAM Quick Guide List of National Competent Authorities for CBAM The Environment Protection Agency (EPA) has been appointed as the national competent authority in Ireland. CBAM becomes fully operational on 1 January 2026, marking the end of the two-year transitional phase (2023-2025). Following the release of the draft simplified European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), EFRAG has published the following documents, which are aimed at supporting users of the standard: Basis for Conclusions Cost–benefit analysis Logs of amendments for the 12 standards and for Annex II (Aggregated acronyms and glossary of terms) Comparative table of texts (Set 1 / ED / Technical Advice) for the 12 standards and for Annex II (Aggregated acronyms and glossary of terms) Explanatory note on Article 29b and its Annex 🎙️The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) has issued its Q1 Implementation Insights Podcast. This episode highlights some of the resources available to support companies applying the ISSB standards. The European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs) including EBA, EIOPA and ESMA published Joint Guidelines on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) stress testing. These Guidelines provide national insurance and banking supervisors with clear guidance on how to integrate ESG risks into supervisory stress tests, both when using established frameworks and when conducting complementary assessments of ESG risk impacts. The Joint Guidelines apply from 1 January 2027. ARTICLES Navigating the CSRD Omnibus: A pivotal moment in EU Sustainability Reporting – (BDO) Environmental regulators should help businesses meet rules, says watchdog (Sustainable Views – Subscription needed) Women command less than one-fifth of senior roles in Ireland’s financial sector (Irish Times) In the absence of urgency, only thing changing is our weather - Ireland not immune to destructive events causing havoc worldwide (Irish Times) ‘A long road ahead’: How Ireland’s plan to revive data centre growth is being received (Business Post – Subscription needed) EVENTS CAW Network USA — Beyond Accounting: Sustainability Reporting This online session explores the evolution of sustainability reporting as an essential component of modern accounting. Topics include: the shift from traditional financial statements to ESG-integrated disclosures; materiality principles (financial, impact, double, dynamic); stakeholder demands; risks like greenwashing; and practical steps to embed sustainability into strategy. Attendees will gain clarity on ESG frameworks, governance, assurance, and navigate an increasingly stringent regulatory landscape. Virtual | Tuesday, 27 January 2026 | 12:00 pm – 1:30 pm EST Grant Thornton, From ambition to action: Decarbonisation in practice Join GT for an engaging and practical discussion focused on how organisations are navigating the realities of decarbonisation in Ireland today. Expert speakers will share real-world insights on operational delivery, policy pressures, infrastructure constraints and the trade-offs involved in moving from ambition to action. This session brings together leaders from logistics, energy and technology to explore what decarbonisation looks like in practice across different sectors, and what is genuinely driving progress. Speakers: Owen Keogh, Head of Sustainability, An Post; Richard Scannell, Head of Public Policy, AWS;  and Niall Hogan, Sustainability Leadership Plan Lead, ESB. Spaces are limited, so please register early to secure your place. In person, Grant Thornton 13-18 City Quay Dublin 2 D02 ED70 |Thursday, January 29 | 9:00 a.m. - 10:30 a.m. | BDO Ireland & BDO UK — Top Sustainability Trends for 2026 – Webinar As organisations navigate climate change, evolving EU/UK policy, and ESG reporting demands, this online session brings together senior sustainability specialists to unpack regulatory shifts (CSRD, IFRS, sustainability reporting, CBAM, EUDR), strategic implications for business, and actionable priorities for 2026, finishing with a live Q&A. Virtual | Thursday, 29 January 2026 | 12:30 pm (GMT) | Online webinar Dublin Chamber, The Sustainability Academy: Green Public Procurement Training Join us on Wednesday the 4th of February for Half-day virtual workshop on Green Public Procurement as part of Sustainable Academy, sponsored by AIB. All companies now need to learn the green public procurement rules to bid and win new contracts with the public sector. Virtual,  Wed 4th Feb 2026 | 9am - 12.30pm. Pentland Centre for Sustainability in Business - Lancaster University, Starting Your Journey with Tools and Frameworks Second in the series, this webinar explores tools and frameworks that support decision-making for nature and biodiversity, including the Natural Capital Protocol and TNFD. Learn how these approaches help businesses identify relevant priorities and communicate outcomes effectively. Virtual, Thursday 12 February 2026, 8:00am – 9: 00am | 4.00pm – 5.00pm ICAEW, Putting nature on the balance sheet — Troubleshooting session Troubleshooting session to tackle common challenges on how to embed nature into the activities and processes of the finance function. Virtual, Wednesday, 18 February, 2026, 4 - 5pm CET Pentland Centre for Sustainability in Business - Lancaster University, What Does ‘Good’ Look Like in Corporate Reporting? The final session in the Pentland Centre’s free webinar series for SMEs explores what effective reporting on nature and biodiversity looks like. Drawing on global examples, this webinar highlights best practices and practical approaches for integrating nature and biodiversity into corporate reporting. Virtual, Thursday 12 March 2026, 8:00am – 9:00am | 4.00pm – 5.00pm Sustainability Centre You can find information, guidance and supports to understand sustainability and meet the challenges it presents in our online Sustainability Centre.

On 14 January 2026, the Ulster Society hosted a webinar on the latest Environmental, Social & Governance (ESG) landscape, and the challenges and opportunities this brings for chartered accountants in business.  This webinar explores how ESG is influencing corporate strategy, performance measurement and stakeholder trust. The speakers discuss the growing responsibilities of finance professionals, the skills required to navigate ESG effectively, and how chartered accountants can add value in an increasingly sustainability-focused business environment. Speakers Judy McElroy, Head of Sustainability & Environment, NIE Networks Ltd Fiacre O’Donnell, Sustainability Director, Encirc  Helen Donaldson, Group Director of ESG, Graham Group Chaired by David Smith, Finance Director, Firmus Energy A recording of this webinar is available to view, for free and on demand, HERE A copy of Judy McElroy's slides is available HERE A copy of Helen Donaldson's slides is available HERE A copy of Fiacre O'Donnell's slides is available HERE

Earlier this week members from industry and practice met in the Titanic Hotel in Belfast to discuss the Institute’s ongoing campaign to lower the rate of corporation tax in Northern Ireland. In June 2025 the Institute launched its refreshed campaign for a lower rate after a survey of members showed ongoing and broad support for this campaign. The campaign kicked off again last year when the Institute published its position paper ‘Enhancing Our Competitiveness: The case for a reduced rate of corporation tax in Northern Ireland’.  The Institute believes that Northern Ireland needs a comprehensive industrial policy that attracts investment, encourages entrepreneurship and brings well paid, secure jobs to the Northern Ireland economy.  Coupled with dual access to both the EU and UK markets, reducing the rate of corporation tax in Northern Ireland would be transformative for the entire economy.  Since the summer, the Institute has met with a broad range of stakeholders, including many of the major political parties in Northern Ireland, to discuss this issue. This work will continue in 2026 with the ultimate aim of developing a plan to implement a lower rate in the longer term. The Institute’s ongoing campaign for a lower rate of corporation tax for NI was also highlighted in 2025 in submissions to HMRC, and HM Treasury. In addition, in November 2025, the Institute wrote specifically to the Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury on this issue highlighting that the ultimate aim of a lower rate is that it would become self-funding in the longer term but that it would necessitate a replacement loan at a low interest rate from HM Treasury to fund the necessary block grant reduction. Attendees at the event on Monday heard about the work to date and discussed the opportunities and challenges that a lower rate would present. Attendees continue to be supportive of pursuing a lower rate and shared ideas on how to take the campaign forward and how the issue of the block grant reduction could be mitigated. The discussion also heard about the importance of this issue to local businesses, sharing what a rate cut would mean for them and the importance of protecting the existing tax base of Northern Ireland. If you work in a local business and would like to participate in the Institute’s campaign by being a voice of support for a lower rate, contact us by email.

Introduction The present enthusiasm for AI is rational, writes Emmet Kelly, but it needs to be balanced with proper governance, legal compliance, risk management, and human responsibility. Irish businesses are embracing artificial intelligence (AI) with enthusiasm. Across sectors such as professional services, finance, retail, manufacturing, logistics, as well as the public sphere, there is a widespread perception that AI, in a general sense, is a decisive productivity tool, capable of accelerating analysis, improving decision-making, and reducing operational friction. Most companies do not ‘adopt AI’ as a single initiative. Instead, they accumulate multiple AI systems over time – some explicit, some embedded, some user-driven, each with distinct risk profiles, data dependencies, and governance requirements. AI is not a single tool, nor a discrete system that can be cleanly ‘adopted’ or ‘switched on’. It is now a pervasive layer embedded across the software stack, the internet, and a set of tools to be easily accessed and used daily in the world of work. The principal challenge for companies therefore is not technical capability, but coherence: understanding where AI is present, what role it plays in decision-making, and how accountability is maintained across this fragmented landscape. The enthusiasm for AI is rational. AI systems continually demonstrate an impressive ability to summarise complex information, generate plausible text, detect patterns at scale, and automate tasks that previously required substantial human effort. However, this enthusiasm and use frequently outpaces a realistic appreciation of the complexity, opacity, and governance challenges that accompany AI deployment. For the accounting profession in particular – for whom judgement, verification and accountability remain foundational – this imbalance presents material risks. This article explores how Irish businesses are encountering AI in practice, why its complexity is often underestimated, and what recent research conducted by Amárach reveals about readiness among SMEs. Effective governance will require not only regulatory compliance, but a clearer understanding of the optimum relationship between humans and machines, one that preserves responsibility rather than attempting to outsource it. The illusion of simplicity For many organisations, the first encounter with AI is through publicly accessible systems such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Claude by Anthropic, or Gemini from Google. These large language models (LLMs) present AI as conversational, accessible, and apparently intuitive. Users ask a question, using ‘prompts’, and receive a fluent, structured response, from what appears to be a single, confident synthesis of vast amounts of underlying information. This interaction, or ‘chat’, creates a powerful illusion of simplicity. The complexity of the system, the scale of its training data, the probabilistic nature of the outputs, the constraints imposed by prompts, and the absence of any true understanding remains largely invisible. AI doesn’t understand anything. It merely matches words, numbers and context of the chat that best fits the data the AI is referencing. What appears to be a dialogue is a statistical process that predicts likely continuations of text based on patterns in data. The capacity to understand and interpret the quality and value of the AI response, or output, remains the responsibility of the human user. For professionals accustomed to contextual awareness, critical analysis and judgement, this distinction matters. LLMs do not ‘know’ when nuance is missing, when assumptions are incorrect, or when an answer is incomplete. They summarise, average, and generalise. In doing so, they may lose minority positions, edge cases, and context-specific considerations that are often critical in accounting, audit, tax, and governance work. AI in office and productivity software Beyond these publicly visible systems, AI is now embedded in many workplace productivity tools. Platforms provided by Microsoft, Google, and Apple increasingly incorporate AI-driven features: document drafting, spreadsheet analysis, email prioritisation, meeting summarisation, and even predictions of where trends in numeric data are likely to lead over time. Because these capabilities are integrated into familiar software, they are often perceived as incremental enhancements rather than as AI systems per se. Yet the AI governance implications still apply. For example, automated summarisation of discussions may omit critical qualifications or nuances. Predictive suggestions may reinforce historical biases. Decision-support features may subtly shape professional judgement without being formally recognised as decision-making inputs. The risk here is not malicious intent, but unexamined reliance. When AI-generated outputs are treated as neutral or authoritative simply because they are embedded within trusted tools, accountability can become blurred. AI in enterprise systems AI’s influence extends further into enterprise systems that underpin organisational operations. Enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM), and accounting platforms from providers such as SAP, Salesforce and Sage, now deploy AI for forecasting, anomaly detection, credit assessment, inventory optimisation, and workflow prioritisation. In these contexts, AI outputs can directly influence financial reporting, risk classification, and operational decisions. Yet they are often treated as system features rather than as models with assumptions, limitations, and potential points of failure. For accountants and finance leaders, this raises critical questions: Who validates these models? How are errors detected? What documentation exists? And how does professional responsibility apply when an AI-driven recommendation is followed? In-house AI models Larger organisations increasingly develop AI models ‘in-house’, using proprietary data to support functions such as fraud detection, credit-risk assessment, demand forecasting, and operational optimisation. These systems may be customised, powerful, and bring competitive advantage, but they also bring concentrated risk. In-house AI models depend entirely on the quality, scope, and representativeness of the data used to train them. They may reflect historical practices that are no longer appropriate, or embedded organisational biases. Without robust governance, policies, procedures, documentation, and on-going monitoring, such systems can quickly drift away from legal compliance and ethical acceptability. Regulation: the EU AI Act in context The European Union (EU) has sought to address these risks through the EU AI Act, which introduces a risk-based framework for AI governance. The EU AI Act emphasises transparency, human oversight, data quality, and accountability, principles that align closely with professional standards in accounting, auditing and assurance. However, regulation alone cannot resolve the underlying issues, as AI is no longer confined to discrete, easily identifiable systems. It will pervade software, services, and information flows from within an organisation, and often beyond. Organisations may be using dozens of AI-enabled tools without explicitly recognising them as such. Compliance, therefore, cannot be treated as a one-off assessment; it must become an on-going capability. Are Irish businesses AI-ready? Recent AI-readiness research conducted by Amárach Research in collaboration with InstaComply provides a clear picture of this structural gap. While the findings indicate strong enthusiasm for AI adoption among Irish SMEs, many of which are deploying AI at speed, there are also significant weaknesses in governance readiness. While many companies are experimenting with and deploying AI, far fewer have established clear ownership, policies, controls, and governance structures required to manage these systems safely, transparently, and in compliance with existing and emerging regulation. For example, only 37% have appointed a policy owner responsible for AI and data governance, while just 32% maintain risk registers that include AI-related risks. More than one-third have none of the basic structures that the EU AI Act will expect businesses to maintain. These findings do not show a failure of intent, but a structural gap. Use of AI is moving from an experimental phase to the operational core, yet the governance mechanisms needed to control it remain underdeveloped. The EU AI Act is not simply another compliance obligation – it requires a fundamental shift in how organisations must design, monitor, and document their automated systems. Taking responsibility Arguably, and as can be seen from our research findings, Irish businesses are engaging in “conversations with machines”, most often using LLMs, without fully understanding the mechanisms underlying the ‘conversation’ or the operations and quality of the machine with which the user is conversing. LLMs respond blindly based on the level, quality, and structure of the data that informs them. They do not challenge objectives, interrogate ethical implications, or assume responsibility for outcomes. Where complexity is poorly understood, responses tend to polarise. Some users may become distrustful, focusing on AI’s errors and limitations and rejecting its utility. Others may move in the opposite direction, treating AI outputs as authoritative and implicitly transferring responsibility to the system. Both kinds of behaviour present problems and risk. AI does not absolve individuals or organisations of responsibility, nor should it be dismissed as inherently unreliable. A useful analogy is that of tools in the physical world. The saying, “a bad workman blames his tools”, holds true for the use of AI, and a driver should not blame their car for their negligent driving. The workman remains bad, the driver negligent, and the tools and machines, just that: tools and machines. Responsibility remains with the human agent and the organisation deploying the tools. A new RACI model for human–AI collaboration What is required is a new articulation of responsibility, effectively, a new ‘RACI’ model that clarifies who is responsible, accountable, consulted, and informed when AI systems are used. This approach reflects a broader shift: compliance must move from static documentation to dynamic, operational governance, which embeds EU AI Act requirements, such as data quality, traceability, and human oversight, directly into development and operational processes as code. Human-in-the-loop approaches are not merely a regulatory preference; they are a practical necessity for maintaining standards, managing risks and sustaining businesses on the frontiers of rapidly changing, brimming with possibilities AI landscape. Conclusion: learning to drive the machine AI represents an extraordinary technological advance, and Irish businesses are right to explore its potential. But power without understanding presents risks. The accountancy profession, with its long-standing emphasis on judgement, accountability, and assurance, is well placed to lead a more mature, responsible and strategy-led engagement with AI. The challenge is not to slow innovation, but to learn to ‘drive’ these machines responsibly – within the limits of the law, ethics, business sense and professional judgement. AI is a tool, not an actor. Recognising that distinction will be central to protecting customers, clients, organisations, and public trust in the years ahead. Emmet Kelly is an AI data governance and compliance expert, and CEO of InstaComply, which empowers organisations to navigate regulatory complexity with smart automation.

Earlier this week members from industry and practice met in the Titanic Hotel in Belfast to discuss the Institute’s ongoing campaign to lower the rate of corporation tax in Northern Ireland. In June 2025 the Institute launched its refreshed campaign for a lower rate after a survey of members showed ongoing and broad support for this campaign. The campaign kicked off again last year when the Institute published its position paper ‘Enhancing Our Competitiveness: The case for a reduced rate of corporation tax in Northern Ireland’. Since then, the Institute has met with a broad range of stakeholders, including many of the major political parties in Northern Ireland, to discuss this issue. This work will continue in 2026 with the ultimate aim of developing a plan to implement a lower rate in the longer term. The Institute’s ongoing campaign for a lower rate of corporation tax for NI was also highlighted in 2025 in submissions to HMRC, and HM Treasury. In addition, in November 2025, the Institute wrote specifically to the Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury on this issue highlighting that the ultimate aim of a lower rate is that it would become self-funding in the longer term but that it would necessitate a replacement loan at a low interest rate from HM Treasury to fund the necessary block grant reduction. Attendees at the event on Monday heard about the work to date and discussed the opportunities and challenges that a lower rate would present. Attendees continue to be supportive of pursuing a lower rate and shared ideas on how to take the campaign forward and how the issue of the block grant reduction could be mitigated. The discussion also heard about the importance of this issue to local businesses, sharing what a rate cut would mean for them and the importance of protecting the existing tax base of Northern Ireland. If you work in a local business and would like to participate in the Institute’s campaign by being a voice of support for a lower rate, contact us by email.

In UK news, after significant lobbying by this Institute and other key stakeholders the UK Government announced an increase in the 100 percent allowance for agricultural property relief and business property relief, while the Spring Statement – the next big UK economic and fiscal event – will take place on Tuesday 3 March 2026. In Irish news, Revenue has published preliminary results for 2025. Elsewhere, following a recommendation from the TALC Simplification working group, the guidance on reliefs for investments in corporate trades has been restructured by Revenue. In International news this week, the OECD has published a report on digital continuous transactional reporting for VAT. UK 1. Last month the UK Government announced an increase in the 100 percent allowance for agricultural property relief and business property relief with effect from 6 April 2026. 2. The Spring Statement will take place on Tuesday 3 March 2026. Ireland 3. Revenue has recently published its headline results for 2025. 4. Following our engagement in the Tax Administration Liaison Committee (TALC), Revenue has recently restructured its guidance on reliefs for investments in corporate trades. International 5. Read the report recently issued by the OECD on digital continuous transactional reporting for VAT. Keep up to date with all the latest Irish, UK, and international tax developments through Chartered Accountants Ireland’s Tax Newsletter. Subscribe to the Tax News by updating your preferences in MyAccount. You can also read this week’s Cross-border developments and trading corner here.  

The Investment Business Regulations have been revised to reflect the Institute’s policy to provide only the authorisation categories IA1, IA2 and IB1 to Institute firms.  The categories of IB2 and ID previously provided for in the Investment Business Regulations have been removed.  The categories of investment business activities for which the Institute provides authorisation under the Investment Business Regulations, pursuant to the Investment Intermediaries Act 1995 (the IIA) are summarised  at Schedule 1 to Chapter 1 of Investment Business Regulations.    It is a firm’s responsibility to ensure that the firm is properly authorised for any investment business activities which the firm provides to clients.  The revised Investment Business Regulations are effective from 19 January 2026. Note regarding registration by the Central Bank in certain circumstances The Institute does not authorise firms to carry out insurance related activities which fall under the European Union (Insurance Distribution) Regulations 2018 (the statutory instrument which transposed the EU Insurance Distribution Directive in Ireland).  Firms which undertake activities under the European Union (Insurance Distribution) Regulations 2018, such as advising on or arranging insurance products, including insurance-based life and pension products, must be registered for such activities directly by the Central Bank of Ireland.   A firm which carries out investment business activities under the IIA could also choose to seek registration from the Central Bank for those IIA activities instead of from the Institute.  It is appropriate for a firm to review its investment business activities and the related authorisation regularly to ensure that it holds the appropriate level of authorisation for the activities provided. 

The job market for Chartered Accountants at all levels will be a combination of positivity, optimism and caution. While overall the sentiment is positive, recruitment in some areas is moderating in response to cost-efficiency pressures and business transformation. That said, overall, the demand for Chartered Accountants is predicted to remain strong. Some employer will continue their journey of adapting their approach to traditional hiring models, focussing on the acquisition of specialised skills and investing heavily in talent pipelines to secure the next generation of Chartered Accountants. For job seekers and employers alike, understanding these trends is essential to staying competitive in an evolving market.   There will continue to be uncertainty in relation to global economy and geopolitical conditions, however, to date employers continue to prioritise hiring experienced finance professionals capable of driving governance, transformation, and strategic financial performance. The job market for Chartered Accountants is proving to be resilient including at the newly and recently qualified level and the outlook overall is positive.  What sectors are recruiting  Professional services & corporates Large professional services firms and international practices are continuing to hire finance, accounting and advisory talent across all areas of their business in Dublin and regionally. Large corporates and multi-nationals are continuing to recruit after a brief hiatus related to the concerns in relation to the impact of potential tariffs.   SMEs and small medium sized practices  The outlook in these areas is positive also with sustained recruitment activity across practice and industry.  Where will the roles be located  Dublin  Dublin continues to be a central hub for options, particularly in Technology, Financial services, Shared Services, and Life Sciences and pharmaceuticals.  Regional growth  We expect to continue to see increased levels of hiring across practice and industry regionally during 2026 following a pick-up in 2025. This includes within the SME and indigenous sectors.  Northern Ireland  Belfast remains active, driven by professional services, manufacturing, public sector reform and continued growth in Tech and Fintech. Northern Ireland’s public sector continues to offer strong opportunities at senior finance levels due to ongoing transformation initiatives.  Global opportunities Irish Chartered Accountant continue to be highly sought after worldwide, with roles available in the UAE, Australia, Canada, the US, and the Cayman Islands  Salary trends  After years of inflation-driven increases, salary growth is likely to continue to stabilise in 2026, especially for entry to mid-level positions. This is the case in ROI and NI. However, experienced Chartered Accountants with specialist skills in the areas of financial planning & analytics, business transformation and automation will continue to command premium packages.  Bonus structures will remain attractive and will be aligned with company and personal performance in many instances. Comprehensive and flexible benefits packages will remain to attract and retain top talent.  It is worth noting that pay expectations will continue to be tempered by hybrid working flexibility rather than driven solely by base salary with candidates prioritising flexibility and work-life balance over financial considerations.  Hybrid and remote working  Hybrid models are now the norm with many qualified accountants expecting to work from home at least some of the time with most spending 2/3 days in the office. Despite the increased focus on a return to the office for the most part hybrid working remains the approach adopted by many organisations.    Skills in demand  Leadership capability continues to be one of the most sought‑after skillsets particularly for those seeking to advance their careers and who are managing and developing growing finance teams and businesses.  Communication and stakeholder engagement skills remain key differentiators for senior candidates.  Technical competence in audit, tax, governance, compliance and complex reporting remains essential in both practice and industry roles. Strong monthly and quarterly reporting discipline continue to be critical for organisations navigating uncertain conditions in 2026.   Data and digital skills including Power BI, automation tools, ERP expertise and system literacy are increasingly required due to the developments in IT, AI and automation.   Business transformation experience, especially in process optimisation or finance function redesign, is in high demand as is experience of managing projects in these areas.  Interview and recruitment trends  Interviews will continue to be a combination of virtual and in-person meetings with the initial screening process most likely to be conducted online followed by a more detailed in-person interview. AI is also being incorporated into recruitment processes including AI screening and structured assessments to help employers with their evaluation.  Competency based interviews are being used across organisations small and large and are pivotal in focusing on leadership behaviours and demonstrating impact.  Timeliness for interview processes have become more protracted in recent times with hiring managers being more discerning in terms of the selection process. This is a trend that is likely to persist in 2026.   Conclusion  The outlook for the jobs market for 2026 is positive with opportunities arising for Chartered Accountants at all career stages. To remain competitive members will need to remain up to date with market developments including recruitment trends and the skills requirements of employers which are evolving inline with market developments.  

From the Professional Accountancy team…... In December 2025 the European Commission announced planned changes to the list of high-risk jurisdictions .Russia was added to the list in order to strengthen the international fight against financial crime. In addition, updates were also announced for the high-risk jurisdictions list following the decisions taken at the FATF and its list of ‘Jurisdictions under Increased Monitoring’ (‘grey list’), following the FATF Plenaries of June and October 2025. The EU has added new third-country jurisdictions to the list (Bolivia and the British Virgin Islands) and delisted a number of others (Burkina Faso, Mali, Mozambique, Nigeria, South Africa and Tanzania). The changes will not enter into force until published in the Official Journal.  For further information regarding the planned changes to the list of high-risk jurisdictions, please refer to European Commission webpage on high risk third countries . This information is provided as resources and information only and nothing in these pages purports to provide professional advice or definitive legal interpretation(s) or opinion(s) on the applicable legislation or legal or other matters referred to in the pages. If the reader is in doubt on any matter in this complex area further legal or other advice must be obtained. While every reasonable care has been taken by the Institute in the preparation of these pages, we do not guarantee the accuracy or veracity of any resource, guidance, information or opinion, or the appropriateness, suitability or applicability of any practice or procedure contained therein. The Institute is not responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from the use of the resources or information contained in these pages.

Revenue has updated various pension manuals providing clarifications and guidance relating to the transfer of pension benefits, deemed distributions from pension funds and the taxation of retirement lump sums. The guidance on the transfer of payments has been updated to clarify the treatment of benefits transfer from an occupational pension scheme to a Personal Retirement Savings Account (PRSA), to another occupational pension scheme or to an approved buy-out bond (BOB). The guidance on funding and investments has been revised to update the reference to the Revenue pensions branch and to provide details on deemed distributions from pension funds. The guidance on the taxation of retirement lump sums has been reorganised to provide relevant information including 

Finance Act 2025 was signed into law on 23 December 2025. We will notify our readers once our TaxSource resource has been updated to reflect the relevant changes.