Marie Donnelly, Chair of the Climate Change Advisory Council, discusses her organisation’s role in helping Ireland achieve  its ambitious climate change targets – and how Chartered Accountants, and we as individuals, can support that work – with the Institute’s Public Policy Leader, Cróna Clohisey FCA. Cróna Clohisey: First, as Chair of the Climate Change Advisory Council, could you explain your organisation’s purpose, remit, and ambitions? Marie Donnelly: The Climate Change Advisory Council was established by the Climate Action and Low Carbon Development Act in 2015. We are an independent advisory body, and our role is to assess and advise on how Ireland is making the transition to a low-carbon, climate-resilient and environmentally sustainable economy by 2050. It is probably relevant to point out that in July of this year, there was an amendment to that Act called the Climate Bill Amendment Act and it has had a material impact on the Council, both in terms of its operations and structures. For example, the Council is now mandated to bring forward carbon budgets for the five-year periods 2021–2025, 2026–2030 and a provisional one then from 2031–2035. These budgets set out the maximum amount of greenhouse gas emissions that can be emitted by Ireland in the five-year period. The budgets are all-economy budgets and once the Government receives them and hopefully accepts the budget from us, the Government then allocates the budget across each of the sectors with ministerial responsibility for keeping their sector within the budget. That’s the most immediate and visible action emanating from the Act. Each year, the Council also conducts an annual review. The annual review heretofore was a catch-up on a range of things. The Act is now quite specific in that the Council must review each sector, identify the emissions coming from each sector, and identify the policies and actions that are working or, as the case may be, not working. It’s a sectoral review, and much more detailed than has been the case up to now. The new form of review will begin in October 2022. In principle, the cycle is that the carbon budget will be published, the Government will allocate a budget to each of the sectors, and Government will then publish a Climate Action Plan. This plan has policies, practices, and initiatives by sector designed to reduce emissions and stay within the carbon budget. We then comment on each sector’s emissions and the following year, the Climate Action Plan will be adjusted because some things will have been done, or more needs to be done. We are into a rolling cycle of activity thereafter. It is often said that time is running out in our fight against climate change. For context, can you explain where the world is currently in terms of that fight, and what might happen in the decades ahead if the appropriate corrective action is not achieved? I think it is clear to everybody that climate change is already happening, even here in Ireland. If you look at the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) report that was published this summer, it was very well presented in that they had maps so you could pick up your own area and learn what is likely to happen. It is probably fair to say that the implications of climate change for more southerly countries include extensive droughts with a shortage of water, impacting on food production and, indeed, the capacity to live in some of those spaces. Further north, you could have greater cold measures with higher rainfall, snow and ice. The island of Ireland is in the middle. We are a temperate climate so for us, we are looking at warmer and possibly drier summers and somewhat colder and probably wetter winters. The impact on Ireland is likely to come from a number of things, though. First, we are likely to have more storms and they are likely to be more intense. I don’t think there was a hurricane in Ireland before Ophelia, so we’ve had our first hurricane and we have seen some horrendous storms. The number of named storms we have is increasing every year. Second, and we can see this for ourselves, is rainfall that can be almost tropical in nature. This is leading to floods. Third, the sea is warming and sea levels are rising at about 1mm per year. We did a coastal workshop recently and the implications for coastal cities like Cork, Dublin, Galway and Limerick are really quite significant over the next 30-50 years. We may need to look at coastal defences for these cities because of sea rise. There are implications, even in a country like Ireland. We are a small country and a temperate climate, but even in Ireland you can see the implications coming down the track so action clearly is necessary. Now, people have argued that Ireland is so small, our efforts don’t really matter – but that’s not correct. We need everyone to put their shoulder to the wheel or we won’t succeed, so there isn’t a free pass for anybody. It doesn’t matter whether you are big or small, rich or poor, we all have to do something in this space. That’s the urgency for us – to do something, and to get on with it. The Paris Agreement was a time of hope, but events have arguably diminished that optimism with some extreme weather events this year alone – not to mention that climate change and its impacts are reportedly accelerating. In that context, what does the COP26 event in November need to achieve? Sometimes words are very important, so I think there must be a declaration of ambition and a commitment to that ambition from each of the countries. Ireland has declared its ambition of a 51% reduction by 2030 and we need to put it into action. We have seen numbers come from other countries – the US, Canada and the EU member states – but what we are really looking for is the other big countries to make that commitment, and first among them would be China. We then need an acknowledgement from fossil fuel-sourcing countries such as Russia, Saudi Arabia and Australia, for example, to make the kind of commitments that are necessary – to at least make the pledges. Then, the second stage must be to put them into practice. In that challenging context, is net-zero genuinely achievable by 2050? Yes, and I have no doubt that it is achievable. I would admit, however, that I could not tell you today how we will achieve it but I am absolutely convinced that solutions will be developed in the coming years that haven’t even been thought about today. Technological evolution and the capacity to innovate will be brought to bear in this space, but it is a black box for the moment. Nonetheless, for now we must use the technologies that are available, and intensify our efforts.  There are many levels of responsibility when it comes to fighting climate change – political, corporate, societal, individual. In your view, what is the route to sustainable life in the medium-term and who bears the brunt of the responsibility for bringing about change? Everybody has a role, but there are distinct responsibilities for various groups. Certainly, the Government has a role. It has to set the ambition, which indeed it has, but it must follow-up that ambition with the economic environment, the behavioural environment, that allows for success. Part of it will be ‘command and control’, such as the standards in our building regulations, part of it will be through a carbon tax, part of it will be through grants and incentives, and part of it will be through ensuring that the policy environment allows both businesses and individuals to make the right choices. So I do think that Government has a really important role to play. But, of course, it won’t be able to deliver on this itself. I also believe that industry in its widest sense has a huge role to play. It needs to be a leader in itself and many companies are making announcements regarding net-zero or carbon reductions, for example. Some of these announcements could be interpreted as marketing activities because they say that they will reduce their carbon footprint by a certain amount, but they are going to buy carbon credits to achieve that. It’s good, and I don’t wish to denigrate that, but it isn’t the depth of action we need. Industry has a hugely influential role in the context of its stakeholders and if you add up the number of contacts an organisation has with clients and customers, the communication potential is enormous.  While I do see industry as being very pivotal in this space, it’s also down to you and me as individuals. Ultimately, we will be presented with choices and sometimes, the choices might be a little bit more expensive or difficult. But really, the onus is on us to make the right choice because in the end, it will benefit ourselves, our families and the climate. Our more than 30,000 members are often relied upon for guidance in this space as advisors to, or within, a business. So, what is your message for Chartered Accountants specifically with regard to their role in fighting climate change? The first thing is to know your number. Accountants are very well-placed to know what the number is for the business or activity. By that, I mean: what is your emissions profile today? You can have a pseudo-calculation of that by looking at your energy because you can then do your calculation from energy into emissions. If you happen to be sourcing products from the agricultural sector, you might have to take methane into account as well. But the first thing is to put a number on it and understand the composition of that number. Doing so allows you to then develop a plan to tackle the number. It’s like any business activity – what’s the number, and what will the cost of investment be? Once you know the cost of investment, you can plan each of the steps on that basis. I would also say that it isn’t just the accountants that should know the number; it’s important that all others in the business know the number too. Sometimes, the number can be impacted by something as simple as daily routine in the workforce. That kind of information is really the first step, and then you can build various mechanisms to reduce emissions thereafter. A recent op-ed in the New York Times asked whether we need to shrink the economy to stop climate change. In your view, can economies continue to grow while we rely on “rapid market-led environmental action and technological innovation” to diffuse the threat? First, we need to consider what we mean by growth. Sometimes people talk about GDP growth and other times, they talk about job growth or quality of life so the metric you use for growth is important in this context. If I start with quality of life – will that improve in a more sustainable world? To that, the answer is a clear yes. There is no discussion that a more sustainable world will be a healthier world because we will have cleaner air and water. It will be a more comfortable world once we get our houses both comfortable and carbon-free. The world will be sustainable in itself because we will not be depleting natural resources to the point where we won’t have any left, we will recycle them. So, the answer to that is quite clear and obvious – but it is difficult to put a number on it because how do you quantify quality of life? It’s not necessarily a monetary thing. If I look at jobs, this whole change we are going through will have an impact on jobs. I’m old enough to have lived through the digitalisation process. Way back in the 1990s when we were talking about computers and the internet, the horror was that computers were going to displace people from the labour force as the work would be done by computers. Some of that was correct in that jobs that were there in the 1990s are not here anymore. But we are employing more people today, in different ways and doing different things. The change this time around will be exactly the same. However, we need to focus on those who will be adversely affected and ensure that measures are in place to allow them to be aware of, and access, training and alternative opportunities. Those who will be somewhat impacted – plumbers or electricians, for example – will need opportunities to upgrade their skills. They will still be there, but they will be doing different things going forward. I think it’s a manageable process on the employment side. The positive for Ireland is that we have discovered a natural resource that will power our economy going forward. We can substitute importing that energy with our own, and that’s very positive in terms of jobs. In terms of the GDP element of the economy, it’s going to cost money. Different numbers are put out there, some people are talking about 2% of GDP into the future but there are two elements to consider. If you look at our capital expenditure, how much additional expenditure will be required? And more importantly, how much of our current capital expenditure should not be spent in the areas in which it has traditionally been spent and should instead be diverted? That will be the challenge in terms of the more macroeconomic considerations. You spent many years working at a European level to promote energy efficiency and global leadership in renewable energy. Can Ireland do more, in your view, as an island nation to lead the charge in renewables? Yes, and we are really at the cusp of that right now. When we talk about wind, solar energy and – in time, perhaps – marine, the opportunity is, of course, that it is a natural resource. There is a higher capital investment, yes, but a much lower operational cost and that’s a characteristic of renewables in any context. Take the electric car, for example – a little bit more expensive to buy, but cheaper to run. The electricity system on this island is unique in Europe in that we have a pooled electricity system with Northern Ireland. It is the only integrated electricity system in Europe. We are an island off an island, and the analogy in size would be Demark. But unlike other countries, we have a very distinct characteristic vis-à-vis Demark in that Denmark is between Norway, Sweden and Finland on the one hand and Germany, the Netherlands and Poland on the other. It’s part of what’s called the Nord Pool electricity scheme, and it means that electrons can float very easily between all of those countries. So if, for whatever reason, the wind doesn’t blow in the North Sea and the Danish offshore wind electricity volume drops, they can source from Germany, for example, and interchange very easily. Ireland doesn’t have that. We’re an island off an island and at the moment, we just have one interconnector to the UK. So we don’t have what’s called a balancing possibility through a very large electricity system like the one on mainland Europe. We will therefore have to be able to bring variable renewables to our electricity system and balance them on the island. That will require quite a bit of innovation, both in terms of technology and in terms of the management of our electricity system. In order to make that work, Ireland will have to be a real demonstrator of demand management for the electricity system. In that, we will need both industry and consumers to manage their demand. Otherwise, if the peak gets too high, it will break the system. So, we need to spread the demand away from the peak to maintain a stable system. That will be very innovative for electricity systems globally and in that context, I think it’s fair to say that Ireland is a living laboratory. As the interview nears its end, is there anything you would like to add? We are in a situation where we are kicking off a very complicated process in Ireland coming out of the Act. We’re a little bit slow because we are already one year into the first set of five-year budgets, so we will eventually have to catch up. I think the single biggest challenge we will face, however, is not money – although money is always a problem. It’s not even innovation or technology. It’s behaviour – our own behaviour and industry behaviour. That will have to shift because we will not be able to behave in the future as we have in the past. This is what I mean by choices and I think the pandemic has been a forerunner of some of the choices we will have to make. We as individuals will have to think more about the way we live and do things. It’s not that we need to necessarily deprive ourselves, but we do need to box smart as to how we get the services we want. Mobility is a service, for example. If you want to go from here to there, think for a moment about the most sustainable way of getting there. It’s not to say don’t make the journey – although that might be correct at times! – but rather, what is the most sustainable way to travel and can we change our behaviour a little bit in that context. In terms of the way we heat our homes, is there another way of achieving a comfortable living space other than the way we have done traditionally. The other issue about behaviour is the more we can automate it, the more likely we will be to succeed. As an example, using various energy-intensive appliances at home can be done in a more sustainable way. With a smart meter and programming capacity, the use of these appliances at times of low demand, which is probably at night, in an automated way is a real support to behavioural change. Nobody wants to manually put a wash on at 2am but if you automate it using technology, that will be a huge support to behavioural change. Behaviour is the hardest thing to influence, and that is the single biggest challenge we have before us when it comes to tacking climate change. I couldn’t agree more. I have come to the conclusion that putting a carbon tax on petrol or diesel, for example, isn’t enough to change behaviour. But perhaps the simple act of including the amount paid in carbon tax on each receipt could have an effect. Visibility is vital. That’s right. And if we were to eliminate all of the subsidies to fossil fuels as a first step, it would go a long way to paying for some of the climate change measures. It seems like a no-brainer to be perfectly honest. Why tax people when all you need to do is remove the subsidies? This is a serious question we will need to consider into the future.

Succeeding in your career is important, but so is your physical and mental well-being. Four Chartered Accountants describe their relationship with fitness and how it has benefited their lives in and out of the office. Barry Doyle Investment Director, MASV.com Running I was never really a big sports person growing up – I played a bit of tennis but that was about it. I found myself living in Australia back in 2010 and it was there that I started to get into running. It’s hard not to when the culture there is so outdoor-focused. I signed up to do a 10km and things progressed from there. By the time I left Australia three years later, I was running at least three times a week – if not more – and had even completed a few half marathons. Now, exercise is a huge part of my routine and it has only been heightened since the beginning of the pandemic. I won’t start my working day unless I have been for a run, swim, cycle or even a ‘morning commute’ – a walk around the neighbourhood after breakfast. Working from home has significant benefits, especially from a work-life balance perspective, but it’s so important to have a delineation between work and home.  I tend to try and follow a plan and set myself goals at the end of that so I can stay motivated. If there’s nothing to aim for, you always risk skipping your exercise; and while skipping it once is usually fine, having nothing to motivate you means you’re more likely to skip more often – believe me, I’ve been there!   There is no question about it, absolutely it has benefited me physically and mentally. I’m in good shape – I’m no Usain Bolt, but my routine helps to keep me in good shape (which is needed as I have a serious sweet tooth!) And from a mental well-being perspective, you only need to ask my wife who, whenever I start complaining or giving out, asks: “Have you being running yet today, or do you need coffee?” Exercise is a vital escape for me. I think it’s important to find someone to support you. Running can feel like a daunting task starting out, so being able to talk to someone while out running (even while walking or cycling) helps get you through it. What’s more, it’s a healthy, social interaction that’s good for the mind and body. Aisling McCaffrey Associate Director of Financial Services Advisory, Grant Thornton Rugby I play quite a lot of team sports; at the moment my focus is on touch and tag rugby. I train with my club once a week for two hours, play two or three 40-minute games during the week, and I have a session with the Irish Women’s Touch Rugby development squad on Sundays for two hours. Beyond training, I’m a big fan of a sea swim or a long walk with some good music to relax.   I only really found a love for team sports when I started working and was invited to play a social tag match. Prior to that, I would have gone to the gym to stay fit but I sometimes found it hard to motivate myself and if things got busy (in work or life), the gym was the first thing to be dropped. Being part of a team is so much more beneficial for my wellness – the interaction with my teammates on a regular basis is priceless and it allows me to let go of any stresses in my life, even if it’s just for the two-hour session. Unlike the gym, other people rely on me to be at training or a game, so it has also been really helpful to set boundaries and carve time out of my busy work schedule.  In terms of apps, I have been using a Whoop strap for the last few months to monitor strain and recovery and I’m really enjoying it. It puts more of an emphasis on recovery than trackers I’ve used before, so it has encouraged me to pay more attention to my sleep, hydration etc.  My advice for others would be to get out there and try lots of different things to find what works for you. Try to build a routine, but don’t be hard on yourself if it doesn’t always go to plan – focus on the benefits for you so that you will be keen to prioritise the activity. John O’Callaghan Senior Partner, BDO Triathlon/Ironman I was late to the party for fitness, not starting until my early 30s when I was living in Australia and my wife signed me up for karate to get me out of the house. When I came back to Ireland in 2003 at the age of 40, I really let things slide up to 2014. I was going to a gym in town and noticed indoor triathlon training. I joined and was immediately hooked. I set up a triathlon team in BDO and we had over 20 people training weekly with a coach. We all competed in Tri Athy in 2014. From there it progressed – I joined Belpark Triathlon Club and graduated to full distance Ironman in Hamburg in 2017 and again in Barcelona in 2019. I have qualified for the Irish age group team for European Full Distance (Iron) in Roth, Germany this September. As part of training, I started running marathons and qualified for Boston, Chicago and New York, which I will race over the next 12 months. I’m a strong believer in physical well-being, as it lets you shed the stresses of everyday life. It’s not about the races or winning, but more about a way of life. The races serve to keep you honest – you can’t miss sessions and you have to have some dietary control (a struggle) – but it’s really all about the training, which takes up 90% of the time. Technology plays its part in sport as in all areas. It’s useful as a guide, but I’m not fixated on the numbers. A former coach always said you need to be able to “race by feel” as tech breaks. I have a Garmin 935 triathlon watch and use the Training Peaks app with my coach as well as Strava. I also use a bike computer and power metre pedals, which measure power output. As a 57-year-old, I am at my fittest. It’s never too late to start. Pick some activity and don’t worry about being any good at it – if you enjoy it, that’s enough. You will meet a community of like-minded folk whatever you try.  Anastasia Myachina  Commercial Partner Manager, Chartered Accountants Ireland Cycling   Fitness and sport have been part of my life since early childhood. I was a professional rhythmic gymnast growing up, which is a very popular sport in my native Russia, and it has really instilled the importance of fitness in me.  I moved on to practicing martial arts when I went to college and trained my way up to second degree black belt in kick-boxing before discovering Crossfit, which was my passion for a long while.  My current routine and sport of choice is cycling, supplemented by strength training. I got my first road bike three years ago and never looked back. I joined a cycling club and go out for club spins at weekends, usually doing between 80-100km. I also have an indoor smart trainer, which was a lifesaver during the lockdown as it allowed me to do virtual cycles and even take part in racing. On top of that, I’m also a huge fan of walking and hiking so you’ll find me regularly scaling mountains (now that we’re able to venture out). It has hugely benefited not just my physical health, but my mental well-being as well. It allows me to clear my head and brings an enormous wave of endorphins, helping to relieve any feelings of stress and anxiety, which have been aplenty – especially during the pandemic. Whether I get up for a cycle first thing in the morning, go for a lunchtime stroll in between meetings, or finish the day off with a hike, I always make sure I get out and move.  Strava is my app of choice for tracking all my fitness activities. I use a bike computer to record my cycles and my watch for walks and hikes, which automatically upload to the Strava platform.  If I was to give any advice to others, I would say get outside and move no matter what your choice of activity is. Choose an activity because it makes you feel happy, and not because it’s a current fad and might make you ‘look good’. That’s the only way you will stick with it, and that’s the only way to get all the benefits.

Myles Thompson has spent 35 years working in audit for KPMG and over ten years supporting the work of Accountancy Europe, culminating in his recent election as President. In this article, he shares his thoughts on operating in an environment of uncertainty, the challenges facing the profession, and the potential for accountants to make a big impact on the most pressing issues of our time. Today, the accountancy profession faces many competing demands. In that context, how do you prioritise particular issues for Accountancy Europe to pursue? Accountancy Europe has always had a clear strategy in terms of what it’s working on. That’s developed continuously and every two years, with a new president, it’s looked at again. About a year ago, when I knew I would be the president from 1 January, I worked with the Accountancy Europe team and the CEO to consider how we wanted to develop the strategy. We came up with six key strategic areas to work on: corporate reporting, audit and assurance, corporate governance, sustainability, COVID-19 recovery, and – linked across all these areas – the impact on SMEs. Even though they are very broad strategic areas, we then had to identify what’s important for our members and where we can make a difference. That informed our focus, taking into account the resources available at Accountancy Europe. In some instances, we agreed to work on a particular project because it’s vital for the profession, while in other cases, we would have liked to work on a project but, for various reasons, we couldn’t. So it is a prioritisation game. We also work through this process with Accountancy Europe’s board, which has representatives from ten countries, including Ireland. We discuss the strategic objectives and consider what we should be working on with the Accountancy Europe team, which frames how we work. But we’ve got to be agile. The European Commission has said that it will look at audit reform, for example, and we will have to adapt to that because it will be significant for the profession. Sustainability reporting and assurance is an emerging area of discussion and debate. What role do you see the profession playing in this space? Sustainability reporting is very high on the European Commission’s agenda. It has established a process to develop corporate sustainability reporting standards for Europe, and the IFRS Foundation is also looking at this. There are several roles in that sphere for the profession. First, we must work with the European Commission to help them develop appropriate corporate reporting standards. But we also have a role to play, especially as Accountancy Europe, in ensuring that the European Commission and the IFRS Foundation work together towards a global solution – because most of the companies this will impact are global. Regarding comparability, the problem is that various bodies developed standards, but they’re all slightly different. So, this is an opportunity for the European Commission and the IFRS Foundation to bring it all together in one global set of standards that the Commission is happy with and can use – and can build on. These standards will represent the baseline, but certain countries or regions will always want additional reporting on top of that. And I think that’s fine, as long as you have an agreed starting point. Investor groups are increasingly seeking environmental reporting, which provides significant momentum for companies – and then we move into the area of assurance. To get consistent, high-quality reporting by entities, you need assurance. The Commission has already announced that the reporting it will put in place will be subject to assurance. The profession, therefore, has a significant role to play in ensuring that this is not overly burdensome and that it’s proportionate to what we’re trying to achieve. Linked to that, we must recognise that many companies will not have the systems and processes necessary to develop the reporting required. It’s going to take time for companies to get the right processes and systems in place. From that perspective, the profession must work with these entities to get them ready for assurance. The time needed to get companies to report will be short in terms of the potential transition period. Indeed, the Commission has put forward a very ambitious timetable whereby companies will be reporting in two years based on revised standards. But we’ve got to recognise that when companies start to report in that initial period, there will be bumps in the road and they will need time to get that reporting process right. Assurance needs to follow after this, and perhaps companies will need a couple of years to work with their auditors before public assurance can be given. We don’t want assurance that simply keeps telling people that the reporting is wrong; that won’t help anyone, and companies will need time to get it right. The audit profession is facing reform in the UK, driven by the Department of Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy (BEIS) consultation process. Do you expect similar reforms at the EU level, particularly in light of the recent Wirecard scandal? Audit quality has improved enormously over the past 20 years, and we need to recognise that. There has been more regulation and scrutiny, and even the regulator admits that audit quality has improved. But of course, it needs to continue to improve.   It is easy to blame the auditors for a company failure, but the auditors aren’t the cause. The whole ecosystem needs to be looked at, from the entity’s corporate governance to the directors, the regulators, and the audit. So, it’s good that the UK’s BEIS consultation looks at that whole ecosystem and recognises that everybody in that process needs to improve. The UK consultation is important because the European Commission recently announced that it would look at the outcomes of the 2014 audit reform. They will consider whether it has made a difference in audit quality, concentration, and independence, but they will also look at the whole ecosystem. They recognise that this is not just about the audit. That is coming in the autumn, and it needs to involve all stakeholders – business, regulators and auditors – to thoroughly debate all views and perspectives, not least those of the accountancy profession. Commissioner Mairead McGuinness is saying the right words at the moment, that this must be done collaboratively. I’m sure they’ll look at the outcome of what is happening in the UK and the Netherlands. When it comes to the UK and Europe, I think some of the issues are very similar. For example, when you look at the audit firms, they will consider governance processes, independence and non-audit services, concentration, and improving regulation. However, some of the solutions may be different. Many possible solutions that have been discussed in the UK are very UK-specific, mainly because the regulator is the regulator of both companies and auditors. It handles both sides, and that’s unusual. In the US, for example, the SEC (Securities & Exchange Commission) oversees the companies while the PCAOB (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board) oversees the audit. Emerging from COVID-19, economies will have higher debt burdens. How will economies stabilise, and what role will the profession play in this regard? The first thing to say is that nobody knows what will happen. This is new territory for everybody, so we have to be flexible and learn as we go. But for me, the critical area where the profession can help is in working with the SME sector. So much regulation concentrates on listed public interest entities, but the SME sector constitutes 80% of the European economy. The accountancy profession is a key advisor to SMEs, and we are uniquely placed to help them deal with this crisis while working with governments and banks in various countries. There is a considerable concern that banks in most countries are being encouraged by their respective governments to give companies time, but it will be fascinating to see how banks react. As things start moving, will they suddenly decide against servicing a particular company or area? The number of UK companies that have gone insolvent in the past year has reduced dramatically because furlough schemes and banks have shored them up. However, those supports will eventually diminish, and there will be an increase in insolvencies down the line. The profession will be vital in helping companies through that chasm. In terms of advocacy for this important sector, Accountancy Europe has worked with the European Commission to push it on policies for SMEs. But this type of advocacy needs to happen on a country-by-country basis because it’s very difficult to have Europe-wide laws. The profession can act as the voice for many of these SMEs at a local level and work with SME groups. For example, Accountancy Europe works with SME United, a Brussels-based group representing SMEs in Europe. We need this kind of collaboration to get the best for companies. You have worked through many economic shocks during your more than 35 years at KPMG. What did these experiences teach you about leadership? I remember the 2008 banking crisis distinctly because I was trying to help audit clients through that process. It is similar to the current crisis in the sense that you have to be practical and transparent to identify the issues and solutions. In some instances, people assume that companies have suffered badly in a crisis. But many have reinvented themselves, they’ve emerged much stronger. They achieve that by being clear on their position and debt burden, for example. Of course, some companies will fail, but the profession must help these companies be transparent on issues like resilience and going concern. That’s why I’m a big supporter of companies talking about resilience in the context of what could happen in three to five years. I’m also a big advocate of detailed audit reports and robust audit reporting. We’ve driven that enormously over the last six years in the UK – talking about the risks and highlighting concerns. We must underline to investors what the issues are in a company, but it is also imperative to ensure that the board and directors are fair and balanced in what they say about a company’s performance and prospects. We can do a lot of work in that area in the future. If I was to share one piece of advice, it’s to cultivate your role as a professional advisor – whether you work in practice or industry – so that we can help companies develop and grow. We must see that as different from the auditor; the auditor must be independent and not part of the business. But when you’re not the auditor – and many SMEs don’t require an audit – the profession needs to be there as an advisor. We must help SMEs get through whatever crisis they’re in, help them with their supply chain, help them with their processes, help them deal with their debt burden, and make them as efficient as they can be. In short, we must strive to be trusted advisors to business. How has the work of Accountancy Europe changed over the term of your involvement? I’ve been involved with Accountancy Europe for over a decade. Accountancy Europe was historically very technically focused. It mainly responded to technical consultations, whether from the international standard-setters globally or the European Commission. But over the last five years, it has become much more strategic and much more involved in helping the Commission develop its agenda early in the process. One example is sustainability reporting. Accountancy Europe has been involved from the beginning in helping EFRAG, the group dealing with this issue. So while the technical activity remains, Accountancy Europe has become much more strategic in its focus, and that’s important. What other issues do you expect to come into focus for you and the accountancy profession in the years ahead? The profession has a lot on its plate with sustainability reporting and audit reform, to give two examples. But for me, the profession needs to keep improving and ensure that it deals with public and regulatory expectations, especially on the audit side. The profession could do more to explain its role in that respect. Whenever a company collapses, the focus often falls on the auditor, and the question is always: ‘why didn’t the auditor see it coming?’ If the profession continues to explain the role of audit and how it works, that would be helpful. But as I mentioned earlier, auditors don’t bring down companies. So, the profession needs to keep explaining its role and what it does, and that will be important as we work through the fallout from this crisis and in the years ahead. Myles Thompson is President of Accountancy Europe. Myles Thompson on… the expectation gap There should be an expectation that auditors are doing the job to the highest quality that they can. And I think that is a very important expectation that we should have. But I think it is also relevant to recognise that other stakeholders may well have a greater expectation of the profession than is currently required by the regulators and by standards. The expectation gap exists; it’s been there for many years. I don’t think the profession helped itself by not dealing with it or explaining the process. But we shouldn’t hide things and say: ‘well, that’s not our responsibility’. We need to explain what we do and what we can do. And if, in the end, society decides that we need to do more, that can be done. Audit is a risk-based process, and of course you can do more – you can lower the risks and test more, and we are doing more of that through technology. Technology may be crucial because when it’s used appropriately, it can be a really powerful tool in identifying unusual transactions. A large company may transact thousands of times a day, but we have artificial intelligence tools now that can analyse every transaction in every day of the year to see if something stands out. But we still need to understand the expectations of us as auditors and deal with that. Myles Thompson on… Brexit There are two areas to consider. First, we need to recognise that London is a significant capital centre, and many European companies are listed in London. So, we need to make sure that such companies can transact appropriately and work in that capital environment in the UK. Before, everything was equivalent, so we need to make sure that it works. And from a profession point of view, we need to ensure that we continue to have proper recognition of the profession across Europe. Because again, before Brexit, the qualifications in one country were recognised in others. Work is needed on this because there are many UK qualifications used by member bodies in other countries. If a qualification is not going to be recognised, then that could have a significant impact.  Thankfully, the biggest area of cooperation is between the UK and Ireland, which is being dealt with in an appropriate way. I see the relationship between the UK and Ireland as separate from that between the UK and mainland Europe because the UK and Ireland have always worked together very strongly. For example, Chartered Accountants Ireland is a member body for north and south, and many firms operate on that basis also. The profession works across borders, and it must continue to do so in that respect. So, I’m less worried about the UK and Ireland and more concerned about how the UK and continental Europe will work.

Four members in business review the challenges and opportunities of the past year, and explain how their organisations have successfully navigated the fall-out of the COVID-19 crisis thus far. John Graham  Managing Director, Andrew Ingredients The speed of the recovery in business after the first lockdown took us by surprise. As sales began to recover, I realised that we needed to start refocusing again on future growth and what we needed to do to support that. That made me reflect on my role, as covering the operational demands of the business was starting to limit my ability to focus on our long-term growth ambitions. As a result, we have just recruited a Head of Operations who started this month. This is a new role for the business and one we couldn’t have imagined creating this time last year. Now we are coming out of the worst of the pandemic, we are pushing ahead with our planned investments to give us the platform for future growth. This includes an extension to our warehouse (adding 50% more space) and the implementation of a new warehouse management system that should improve our efficiency and allow us to take advantage of future advances in technology. We also hope to get back to a full schedule in our WorkWith collaboration hub, where we work with our customers on new product development, trends, and market insights. However, there are still barriers in the way. Brexit and navigating the Northern Ireland Protocol has been a big challenge over the last six months, and that is unlikely to improve in the short-term. The bureaucracy it has created is sucking valuable management time from the business. Hopefully, the EU and UK can find some practical solutions to make the Protocol sustainable over the longer term. Despite Brexit, we believe there are great opportunities for the business, including the continued growth of Andrew Ingredients in Scotland, which is a new market for us, and bringing exciting, new ingredients to the Irish market. Wai Teng Leong Director of Finance – Financial Reporting, Tax & Treasury, Moy Park 2020 had been a truly unprecedented year, and no one anticipated the way the pandemic would change our lives and the way we work. Working from home presented enormous challenges initially, but I am incredibly proud of my team’s strength, resilience, and commitment during this time. As managers, we had to ensure that our teams performed at the high standards expected of a corporate function while finding innovative ways to motivate our people and keep up morale. We hold weekly social calls every Monday morning and arrange regular team-building events, which have ranged from baking cupcakes to book folding art craft. It is essential to take a light-hearted time out when working remotely to fit in social interactions. The rapid actions of our IT department enabled working remotely possible. For the first time in my career, we carried out quarterly and year-end audits remotely – virtual stock-takes were undoubtedly a novelty! Technology and innovative ways of working have enabled us to carry on with business as usual. Over the last year, we have held large virtual conferences (with goody bags delivered to delegates) and introduced e-learning modules to ensure that people development continues to be a priority.  The biggest challenges are inducting new team members and imparting knowledge, as these used to be carried out sitting side-by-side in an office environment. Project work such as ERP implementation also poses similar challenges. It is, therefore, important to be organised and keep a constant flow of communication. I believe that the events of the past year have made us all better managers. Looking ahead, flexible working will lead to a better work-life balance. Still, we also need to ensure that we do not lose sight of the importance of face-to-face interaction to support mentoring for career progression, creativity, and building relationships. As lockdown eases, I am optimistic that we will find a solution that combines the best of both worlds. Jason McIntosh EMEA Finance Manager, Seagate Technology It’s fair to say that how we work has changed significantly over the past year! As a key manufacturing site within our global supply chain, our work has always been very office-based. That shifted for a lot of us overnight. My whole team across the UK has now been working entirely remotely for over a year.  As we have continued to operate, we have maintained a significant on-site presence throughout the pandemic, too. One of the biggest challenges has been enabling continued collaboration between our factory and remote teams while maintaining a culture of innovation and development.  How we work together in finance has also changed considerably since last year. Whereas before we had face-to-face meetings and ample informal collaboration opportunities, now all our interaction is virtual. Having said that, I spend more one-on-one time with my team (via Teams) than before.  We have always worked as part of a global team, particularly in finance. My boss, although Irish, is based in Amsterdam, and I work closely with colleagues in locations like California and Thailand daily. We already knew how to work together virtually and while we had to adapt locally, we already had that experience. If anything, remote working is easier locally because you don’t have time zone challenges.  Making sure that everyone in our team invests in their wellbeing has been vital. I’m proud that our company has invested so much in employee wellness programmes, and I’m confident that they have helped us navigate challenging times for everyone. In the second half of 2021, I expect to see more of our team returning to the office (at least part-time), provided it is safe to do so. The most significant barrier ahead is undoubtedly the uncertainty that remains. Several countries around the world are still under some form of lockdown. When and how we emerge into some sort of ‘steady state’ will shape how we work in the coming years. Like all businesses, we have learned plenty of lessons during the pandemic that will create the opportunity to be more collaborative on a global scale going forward.  John Morgan Finance Director, BT Enterprise  Having just secured a role as Finance Director for a newly formed business unit in BT with a management team primarily based in London, I was geared up to spend a couple of days per week in London, commuting from Belfast. Little did I know that my last day in London would be my final interview in February 2020 and I would spend the next 15 months mainly working from home.   COVID-19 hit our business unit relatively hard for certain revenue streams. For example, mobile roaming revenue turned off overnight and call revenue reduced considerably as offices shut.  If anything, the pandemic has made us look to accelerate some of our existing medium-term plans instead of fundamentally changing our whole business strategy.  Within BT Finance, we had already adopted flexible working. We have found flexibility a key driver of engagement and a differentiator in the recruitment market. COVID-19 has taken this to another level, however. Trust is a massive enabler for this; if you trust and are trusted, it doesn’t matter where people choose to work. I sense that we will remain flexible. While individuals will have different preferences, I envisage the team working around two to three days a week from home. We are lucky in that we are about to embark on a significant property refurbishment in our prime site in Belfast and the team are pretty excited to be moving into leading-edge office space by early 2022.   There are still barriers in the way in our industry, however. The UK telco industry is one the most competitive in the world, and downward pricing pressures are significant. That said, we believe new strategic initiatives such as 5G allow us to differentiate ourselves and add value for our customers. 

The membership has voted to re-elect the Officer Group for a second term as the Institute and broader profession seeks to re-emerge from the COVID-19 crisis. President Paul Henry, Deputy President Pat O’Neill and Vice-President Sinead Donovan discuss the year that was and explain their priorities for the year ahead. The re-election of the Officer Group for a second term is an unprecedented step in the Institute’s recent history. Can you explain the thinking behind it and outline what it will mean for members as we enter a new phase in living with COVID-19 and its consequences? Paul Henry (PH): At the recent AGM, a proposal was put to – and passed by – the membership of Chartered Accountants Ireland to extend the term of the Officer Group by one further year. The coronavirus pandemic effectively halted important parts of the President’s role, not least outreach and member representation activities. As such, Council felt that an extension of our term would provide an opportunity for the Officer Group to achieve our objectives in a meaningful way for the benefit of members while providing much-needed stability and continuity as the pandemic on the island of Ireland enters a new phase. Over the past year, I have sought to provide leadership at a time of uncertainty as the island grappled with the challenges of COVID-19 and Brexit. During that time, I – along with my colleagues in the Officer Group – supported the advocacy activity of the Institute to alleviate pressure points for members so that they could continue to deliver for their businesses and clients. I also focused on attracting new talent to the profession, continuing a long tradition of positioning the Chartered Accountant qualification as the gold standard for the accounting profession. Looking ahead, the Officer Group will continue to lay the foundations for renewed growth in the aftermath of the pandemic. The future is uncertain and, for many, survival is the sole objective. My goal is to help Chartered Accountants, both in business and as advisors to business, prepare for the challenges that will come as economies re-open and a new ‘business as usual’ takes hold. Pat O’Neill (PON): The profession has worked through many unprecedented issues since the middle of last year, and now we are figuring out how to emerge from a period of significant restriction. We deliberated on the benefits that continuity would bring and concluded that as the economy opens up, the President and the Officer Group will have an opportunity to advance the member-focused initiatives identified at our election in 2020. So in terms of overseeing the evolution of our education model – and in the last year, that has entailed keeping the path to qualification clear and open for our students and member firms – this continuity is vital. We are also focused on supporting our future pathway to being a more digital organisation for the benefit of our members. And not least, we need to support our members in dealing with the challenges of emerging from the pandemic and the Brexit transition. Sinead Donovan (SD): As an Officer Group, we spent much of our time over the past year in fire-fighting mode. We now have an opportunity to make progress on issues of critical importance on a more proactive basis, and our re-election allows us to conclude some complex issues while putting the Institute and the profession on a solid footing as the vaccination programme and economic recovery gathers pace. The virtual environment has been a largely positive experience for the Institute and its members, but not without its challenges. How can members and students expect their Institute to evolve as the vaccination programme continues and restrictions are eased? PH: Since the pandemic took hold, members have benefited from a greater degree of accessibility to their Institute, and that will continue. There will also be a continued emphasis on upskilling and knowledge sharing, as the Institute’s suite of webinars, bulletins, and other digital communications have been invaluable in helping members adapt to remote working while staying on top of relevant technical developments in the profession. We will also continue to work on our digital education offering. Last year, the Institute moved from a traditional in-person examination model to a virtual examination environment, condensing a five-year project into a far shorter period. There have been challenges and setbacks on this journey, and I acknowledge the difficulties our FAE students faced in April. We knew at the outset that there were risks involved in moving all examinations online, and it has been our objective over the last year to mitigate these risks to the greatest possible extent. More than 20,000 virtual exams have now been completed, and we will continue to work closely with our partners to test and develop the platform as we improve the Institute’s digital capabilities into the future. PON: The experience of the virtual working environment has been different for everyone. Large organisations, for example, have central functions, which makes the transition to a virtual working world that bit easier. In contrast, some smaller businesses and practices struggled to adjust to new technology and remote working norms while achieving some degree of work-life balance. And whether you are in business or practice, the process of developing relationships with new customers or clients has been challenging. Indeed, certain ways of working have changed irrevocably, but the value of face-to-face interaction cannot be overstated for many members. We have seen this demand for connection through increased engagement from the membership with services provided by the Institute, such as webinars and digital networking events. Our district societies, both in Ireland and abroad, have played a vital role in this regard, and as Paul said, the Institute was at the vanguard of online education delivery at the very outset of this pandemic. Although the Institute embarked on its digital journey before the arrival of COVID-19, we will continue our measured approach on that journey as we seek to maximise the benefit to our members. SD: One challenge that will become crucial for the Institute is the absence of in-person, on-the-job training, which many trainee Chartered Accountants have now missed out on. The profession may not see the impact of this development for several years. Yet, we must be mindful of this and work to ensure that those trainee Chartered Accountants most affected by the pandemic from a training perspective are upskilled accordingly in the months and years ahead. PH: That is correct, and we must also bear in mind that the current crop of students is missing out on vital peer-to-peer networking opportunities. One of the most notable benefits of my training has been the number of people who studied alongside me that ultimately became lifelong friends and business acquaintances. Unfortunately, students are missing out on that engagement and vital on-the-job learning that helps them develop critical soft skills, which are increasingly crucial for the Chartered Accountant of the future. The business community continues to grapple with a host of issues from Brexit and sustainability to good governance and diversity and inclusion. How is the Institute maintaining its focus on these issues while supporting its members through the COVID-19 crisis? PH: The Institute has adopted a proactive stance on these key issues, notably Brexit. There has been much debate about the Northern Ireland protocol. Irrespective of your position on it, the profession must endeavour to make the best of the situation in the best interest of the island of Ireland while becoming more familiar with the associated operational issues. In terms of sustainability, there is a clear opportunity for members to lead the charge in tackling the climate crisis. As business advisors, we can help people understand and record their sustainability activity and begin to report on that activity in a meaningful and confident way. This work will evolve greatly in the coming months.  The Institute also continues its work in critical areas such as diversity and inclusion and ethics and governance. Many members volunteer their time and expertise on a range of expert working groups, and I would like to express my gratitude to them for their involvement in the Institute and selfless work in the interest of the broader profession. This individual commitment is reflective of the broader societal contribution that we can make.  PON: It has been remarkable to see the extent to which, in particular this year, organisations have pivoted their narrative reporting to highlight their focus on issues such as governance, climate, and diversity and inclusion. We continue to promote these agenda items for our members through member committees, including those devoted to ethics and governance and diversity and inclusion. Much good work has been done in the past year or more, but the journey is just beginning in many respects. The Council of Chartered Accountants Ireland is very gender diverse. However, we have been working to ensure that diversity and inclusion are more formally incorporated into the appointments process for the Institute’s many boards and committees. I am glad to say that the Institute is moving in the right direction and at pace on many fronts. SD: 2021 is the year in which we need to take a giant leap forward in some of these areas. I fully appreciate the need to move forward with care, but the pandemic has also presented a catalyst for change. The past year has forced people to think about what has happened and what could happen in the future. At a very practical level, I have seen a distinct change in the rhetoric used around diversity and inclusion. There is still a degree of nervousness when it comes to asking specific questions of our membership, but I sense that the membership is becoming increasingly receptive to speaking out about diversity and sharing the many stories that are there to be told by our 29,500 members. And it isn’t just about our current members. The Institute and the profession as a whole must endeavour to be dynamic, vibrant, and attractive to the next generation of Chartered Accountants. We have made very good advances on that front in recent years, and it is up to us to maintain that momentum. Your re-election seeks to bring a sense of continuity to the profession at a critical juncture. But looking to the future, what is in store for the profession and its members in the decade ahead? And how will the Institute help them prepare for the changes that will come? PH: The future for Chartered Accountants is, in my view, very positive. People need advice in an increasingly complex world, and the members of our profession are trained to handle, interpret, and communicate technical information and data in a clear, accurate and insightful way. As the level of complexity grows, so too will the importance of those communication skills. And while artificial intelligence will support us in providing advice to clients, I don’t see it as a threat in any way. Instead, it will improve the insights we provide to our clients. PON: The Institute is working through its implementation of Strategy24. If I’m honest, the pandemic has meant that we need to be agile in terms of planning ahead. So, looking out to the end of our strategic planning period is difficult to do with much accuracy at the moment, not to mention beyond that. That said, issues such as the increasing digitalisation of business and the profession will be a challenge. Cybersecurity, automation, and analytics are becoming increasingly real for businesses. Business leaders – and, by extension, Chartered Accountants – must continue to embrace these developments. Taking a longer-term view, the Institute is also engaged with the Department of Education regarding the accounting syllabus in secondary schools in Ireland. This is an excellent example of the Institute looking forward and playing a very positive role in ensuring that the accountancy profession continues to play its part in shaping the education of the next generation of Chartered Accountants. What have you learned about leadership over the past year? And what do you see as the main challenges for leaders as the profession develops a shared understanding of the new world of work? PH: For me, the number one lesson has been the importance of communication. We have achieved a high level of communication at the Officer Group level and within the Executive Team at Chartered Accountants Ireland. However, many of the challenges faced by businesses worldwide during the pandemic arguably arise partly due to an inability to read the room in an online setting or notice nuances or concerns during a virtual meeting. I don’t think you can overstate the importance of this.  Another big lesson has been the importance of understanding the human side of your colleagues, and not just the professional side. It is vital to make time to get to know your colleagues and support them as we work through the months ahead. It could be something as simple as a 10-minute call with a cup of coffee to chat about anything other than work. Gestures such as this don’t take much effort or time, but the impact on your colleagues could be huge. PON: Flexibility is the word that springs to mind for me, the importance of adapting your leadership style. During this pandemic, I have learnt the importance of understanding the challenges and pressures my colleagues face beyond the office. It is important to reassure people that it’s okay to feel under pressure, to prioritise family and to look after their own wellbeing. Flexibility affords us all the opportunity to prioritise different areas of our lives while still achieving our professional goals, and harnessing this opportunity will be of great importance into the future. SD: I agree wholeheartedly with the point about communication. I have found that people with different personality traits have responded differently to the pandemic and the resultant lockdowns. So for me, the big lesson has been taking time to check in on individuals on your team, particularly those who might be closer to the introversion end of the scale. The extroverts, I have found, have managed during the pandemic as they can get their feelings across in a virtual setting, but that is not the case for all colleagues. If you want to get the best out of people and ultimately avoid losing excellent talent, leaders need to communicate and engage with their people in a meaningful way and on an ongoing basis. In that context, wellness must be a priority for all leaders – including us. As an Officer Group, we will therefore continue to raise awareness about the benefits of wellness initiatives and promote the many valuable webinars and other wellness initiatives hosted by CA Support and the various District Societies. Finally, what is in focus for you as you enter your second term? PH: The focus will be on building supports for members as the vaccine roll-out continues, economies re-open, and the recovery takes hold. There is also an opportunity to support the government and the public sector. We have begun to increase our activity in this space – not least with the recent publication of a position paper on proposed reforms to Irish public sector accounting, launched by Minister Michael McGrath – and that will continue in the year ahead. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank Barry Dempsey and the leadership and staff of Chartered Accountants Ireland for their sterling work over the course of the last year. It was a year of many firsts – the first virtual annual general meeting, the first virtual conferences, the first virtual conferring ceremonies, the first virtual student recruitment campaign, and the first virtual regulatory inspections. The staff have ensured continuity of service for members in the most challenging circumstances while innovating beyond what we thought possible just two years ago. Their efforts are greatly appreciated by the Officer Group, Council, and the membership at large. PON: There will also be a strong sense of continuity in the second term. For example, the Institute has made great strides in advocacy and raising the voice of the profession – and that will continue. The Institute is undoubtedly the best spokesperson for members in terms of the challenges they will face and the supports they will need as we re-emerge from the COVID-19 crisis. We will also seek to play our part in building trust in the profession. This is an emerging area, particularly with regard to developments concerning regulation in the United Kingdom. These developments will directly impact our members in Northern Ireland and possibly have a trailing impact for members elsewhere. It will be important to support our members through that process and we will do so in the first instance by responding in July to the United Kingdom’s consultation on proposed reforms to restore trust in audit and corporate governance. SD: Re-emergence is probably a good word to describe the theme of our second term. There will, of course, be an initial knee-jerk reaction to bring people together and enjoy face-to-face interaction once more, but we must not lose sight of the benefits of the hybrid working model. We need to ensure that we re-emerge from this pandemic in a safe and protected manner, but also in a way that embraces change for the benefit of our colleagues and organisations.

Paul Henry shares his thoughts on the challenges ahead following his re-election as President of Chartered Accountants Ireland for a second successive term. It has been my privilege to serve as President of Chartered Accountants Ireland for the last year, and in a sign of these unusual times, I find myself at the mid-way point of a two-year term of office. I feel incredibly fortunate to represent our almost 30,000-strong membership once again as we move into what I hope will be a brighter time for us all. I want to express my appreciation to my colleagues on Council, and my fellow Officer Group members, for affording me the opportunity to continue to lead the work we started together this time last year. It is a pleasure to be joined by Pat O’Neill and Sinead Donovan in this issue of Accountancy Ireland for a round-table discussion on the issues of importance for our members and students. This will be a year of adaptation as we recover and grow again. It is more crucial than ever that I, as President, my Council colleagues, and our entire organisation channel our collective energies to empower our profession to fulfil its mandate, “for tomorrow, for good”. For society and the economy at large, the last year has been one of worry, isolation, and loss. The public health crisis has persisted for longer than most of us expected, and it has tested us. As human beings, we are not designed to operate at such removes from each other. We are now at an inflexion point, as a combination of prudent public health measures and successful vaccination delivery facilitate reopening and a greater sense of sustained optimism than there has been to date. This time of year is an inflexion point for Chartered Accountants Ireland too – a chance to reflect and plan for the coming months. While it may feel like we have been running to stand still during the pandemic, it is important to reflect on what has been achieved. It was a year of firsts: our first virtual AGM, our first entirely virtual conferences, the virtual completion of examinations, our first virtual conferring ceremonies, and our first virtual student recruitment campaign, to name a few. We have seen a surge in member engagement, which shows that what we are doing is resonating. I thank the Institute’s staff for their commitment to making this possible. I thank our members for their perseverance and resilience in delivering to the high standards that our profession demands in practices, businesses, and the public sector at home and abroad. Our profession has played an instrumental role in supporting businesses in keeping the show on the road in the face of immense challenge. And there is so much still to do. I said last year that recovery from the pandemic would be the challenge of a generation, and all of us will be called on to show even greater leadership and resilience. I look forward to leading the Institute in meeting this challenge. Chartered Accountants Ireland will continue to work on behalf of members this year as your strongest supporter and ceaseless advocate. We will work to promote the profession in which we hold such pride to a new generation. And above all, we will position our shared expertise to contribute to a meaningful and sustainable recovery. I was asked recently as President what career tips I would give to my younger self, and right up there was my advice to build a strong team and keep hold of them. The stronger the team, the better the outcome. None of us can meet the challenges of the future without a collaborative approach, and I look forward to working with you, and for you, this year. Paul Henry is the President of Chartered Accountants Ireland.

Minister Michael McGrath provides an update on the National Recovery & Resilience Plan and the National Development Plan, as Ireland sets about rebuilding its economy with a focus on sustainability and resilience. In the past 15 months, the world has been hit by a massive health and economic crisis, unprecedented in modern times. No country could possibly try to tackle this on its own. By collaborating with international partners, we have been able to harness the best available medical knowledge for diagnosis, treatment, and vaccination against COVID-19. It was clear from early on in the pandemic that, as well as a concerted medical response to the crisis, there would need to be a dedicated economic plan to mitigate the economic impact. In July of last year, EU leaders met against a backdrop of growing turmoil in member states over the impact on people’s livelihoods. At this summit, an agreement was reached on a recovery package to complement the work of national governments.  The National Recovery & Resilience Plan NextGenerationEU The European Union’s €750 billion NextGenerationEU recovery instrument, along with the Union’s trillion-euro budget for the next seven years, is central to the EU’s response to the global pandemic. There is an important difference in the EU’s response to the global pandemic compared to the response to the financial crash. Lessons have been learnt, and the EU moved quickly to reassure member states that we would be supported. NextGenerationEU aims to help repair the immediate economic and social damage brought about by the pandemic and prepare for a post-COVID Europe that is greener, more digital, more resilient, and fit to face the future. The Recovery and Resilience Facility is the largest component of NextGenerationEU, making €672.5 billion available to member states in the form of grants and loans to stimulate economies and improve conditions for citizens. Every crisis is also an opportunity and, as we move on from COVID-19, we must use these funds to make a real difference to our country, reform where it’s needed, and put climate action at the top of our agenda. The Recovery and Resilience Facility and Ireland Ireland is expected to receive €915 million in grants under the facility in 2021 and 2022. A further set of grants is to be allocated in 2023, taking into account economic developments between now and then. To access this funding, Ireland has developed a National Recovery & Resilience Plan for approval by the European Union. The plan sets out the reforms and investments to be supported by the facility. My Department of Public Expenditure & Reform is responsible for preparing this plan, along with the Department of the Taoiseach and the Department of Finance. Other departments have also given their input to ensure a coordinated ‘whole of government’ approach. We are all on the same page when it comes to using these funds wisely and getting the best possible value from this investment. Recovery and Resilience Facility The Recovery and Resilience Facility is structured around six pillars:  Green transition; Digital transformation; Economic cohesion, productivity and competitiveness; Social and territorial cohesion; Health, economic, social and institutional resilience; and Policies for the next generation, as well as seven flagships identified by the Commission. Addressing green and digital transition is a hallmark of the facility. National plans must devote a minimum of 37% of expenditure to climate and 20% to digital investments and reforms. Plans should also seek to address seven flagship areas identified for reforms and investments: Clean technologies and the acceleration of development and use of renewables; Energy efficiency of public and private buildings; Sustainable, accessible, and smart transport; Roll-out of rapid broadband services, including fibre and 5G networks; Digitalisation of public administration; Increase in European industrial data cloud capacities and the development of powerful and sustainable processors; and Adaptation of education systems to support digital skills and educational and vocational training. Member states are required to embed the measures they plan to take in their national budgetary processes. The plans must also strike a balance between reforms and investments and seek to address challenges identified in the relevant Country Specific Recommendations. Ireland’s Plan and Projects Ireland’s Plan has a particular focus on green and digital transition, as well as supporting economic recovery and job creation. It is aligned with the National Economic Recovery Plan and has been developed alongside the ongoing review of the National Development Plan. Priorities for the National Economic Recovery Plan aligned with the National Recovery & Resilience Plan include climate actions and reforms; digital delivery of public services; social and economic reforms; digital transformation and adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies by SMEs; and research and innovation. The National Recovery & Resilience Plan includes a suite of projects focused on: Advancing the green transition; Accelerating and expanding digital reforms and transformation; and Social and economic recovery and job creation. Several large-scale reforms and investments are included to maximise the impact of the funds provided. Next steps National plans must meet stringent EU requirements set out in the Recovery and Resilience Facility regulation before they receive approval from the European Commission and the Council of Ministers. Intensive negotiations with the European Commission have been underway in recent months, and Ireland’s plan will be considered carefully for two months before it is approved. The facility is a performance-based instrument, which means that demanding milestones and targets must be met before funding can be drawn down – and this is as it should be. As well as milestones and targets, requirements include green and digital expenditure tagging, detailed costings, an appropriate control and audit framework, and compliance with the ‘do no significant harm’ principle. Plans should demonstrate a lasting impact on member states, whether by strengthening job creation and social resilience, whether the expenditure is reasonable compared with the expected return, and whether suitable control mechanisms are in place to prevent corruption, fraud, and conflict of interest.   European solidarity The lifetime of this Government will see Ireland mark 50 years of EU membership. Our membership has played an immense role in our social, economic, and political development. The values of the European Union are our values. That is why the Programme for Government sets out a vision of Ireland at the heart of Europe and global citizenship. During the five decades, we have benefited from the solidarity that comes with membership. We have seen this over the last year as we responded to the global pandemic and in the previous five years as we navigated the challenges posed by Brexit. In the Recovery and Resilience Facility, we see further evidence of that solidarity. In the coming weeks and months, the National Recovery & Resilience Plan, along with the National Economic Recovery Plan and the National Development Plan, will enable us to move beyond the pandemic to rebuild the economy and improve our country for all. We have been through a difficult period, and the economic and social scars cannot be underestimated or dismissed. However, decisions at the EU level have shown that we really are all in this together. Member states will be supported in finding their way forward, and we will emerge as a stronger and more resilient EU. The National Development Plan Creating our shared future Like accountants, ministers and civil servants are analytical thinkers, carefully scrutinising the driving forces of change, the prevailing macro-economic factors, and the views of the people we serve. We depend on evidence and numbers, and this analysis is vital as we craft the revised National Development Plan, which is due for publication later this year. The National Development Plan is one half of Project Ireland 2040. Launched in 2018, it sets out the investment priorities that underpin the implementation of the National Planning Framework. When this Government took office last July, we set about tackling the many challenges we face as a country, including the COVID-19 pandemic, Brexit, housing, and an uncertain political landscape. Our country is at a critical stage in its development, and there has been much discussion about an ‘infrastructure-led recovery’ across the globe. We know that we need to create opportunities to rebuild a better Ireland for all, as without substantial reform, we risk repeating the mistakes of the past. Investment decisions must support broader economic, environmental, and social outcomes. Our national recovery requires a holistic approach involving the contribution of both urban and rural areas. It is my view that we should take the opportunity to create the foundations for long-term, sustained economic growth. That is why, on taking office last July, I asked my officials to bring forward the mooted review of the National Development Plan. Economic context Our population is set to grow by one million people by 2040. The infrastructure implications of that alone are enormous. We must ensure we have thriving and sustainable communities for future generations. Ireland’s economy was the only one to grow in the EU last year. The European Commission expects Irish GDP to grow by 3.4% in 2021 and marginally faster in 2022. These are solid numbers considering the global challenges we’re facing. The impact of COVID-19 on our working lives has been seismic. We have undertaken the greatest global home-working experiment ever, moving it from the fringes to the mainstream. The Government’s National Remote Work Strategy helps to make remote working a permanent option in Ireland. It plans to give employees a legal right to request remote working and to introduce a code of practice on the right to disconnect. The Strategy commits to investment in remote work hubs and the development of the national broadband plan. The Programme for Government characterises the climate emergency as the single greatest challenge facing humanity. We are the first generation to truly feel the effects of climate change, and we may be the last to have an opportunity to reverse it. This is why we have to act now. In the public consultation we undertook, there was near consensus that the revised National Development Plan will have to be viewed through a climate lens. Public Spending Code We need to ensure that the right policy settings are in place. Rigorous cost-benefit analysis is essential, particularly in the current economic climate. As part of the ongoing reform of Ireland’s public investment management system, the Department of Public Expenditure & Reform has reviewed and updated the Public Spending Code. The review was informed by an extensive consultation process involving engagement with public officials and an examination of international best practice. Importantly, the Public Spending Code also incorporates learnings from various capital projects in Ireland, including the National Children’s Hospital. The update to the Public Spending Code specifically strengthens the existing guidance to better reflect the realities of project delivery with a particular focus on financial appraisal, cost estimation, and risk management. The updated Public Spending Code: Supports public bodies in delivering greater value for money; Provides greater clarity on roles and responsibilities; Revises the project life-cycle to reflect the realities of project delivery; Strengthens guidance; and Increases transparency through the publication of business cases and evaluation reports. This update followed an extensive consultation process, and as a result, there is a stronger focus on cost estimation and professional project management. We have also learned from international experience when it comes to managing mega-projects over €100 million. There are at least 40 projects in this category in the National Development Plan. Later this year, we will have a new governance and assurance process for major projects. This will involve two external reviews of major projects at key points in the project life-cycle by independent experts in infrastructure delivery. I have asked my ministerial colleagues to rigorously assess the costs of existing planned projects to ensure that those costs are up-to-date and realistic. I am also developing a new external review process for all major projects worth over €100 million. The process In early April, I published the Phase 1 Report on the Review of the National Development Plan. The work carried out as part of Phase 1 included:  Macro-economic analysis; Public capital expenditure and infrastructure demand analyses; Consideration of climate action, housing, and planning; and Alignment with the National Planning Framework. The Phase 1 report also includes detail on the successful public consultation process, Review to Renew, which generated 572 submissions. Phase 2 will involve detailed engagement with colleague departments to agree on capital allocations for the coming period and priority programmes for inclusion in the new National Development Plan. Combined, this is a solid evidence base that will allow us, as a Government, to make informed decisions and bring forward a new National Development Plan in the summer of 2021. Michael McGrath is Minister for Public Expenditure & Reform, a TD for Cork South Central, and a Fellow of Chartered Accountants Ireland.

Dee Moran, Professional Accountancy Leader at Chartered Accountants Ireland, speaks to Accounting for Sustainability’s Jessica Fries about the role Chartered Accountants can play in mitigating the worst impacts of the climate change crisis and making sustainable business synonymous with business as usual. Dee Moran (DM): Can you briefly explain the economic risk facing the business community regarding sustainability and the climate crisis? Jessica Fries (JF): Since Accounting for Sustainability (A4S) was first established in 2004, we have seen an increasing awareness of environmental and social risks and just how important they are from an economic, financial and business perspective. In the last couple of years, in particular, we have seen a significant shift in tracking these issues. The World Economic Forum publishes a global risk report each year. Environmental and social risks feature consistently in the top 10, which underlines just how focused businesses are on those risks. In response to those trends, we also see more businesses taking action and more investors and regulators focusing on identifying the risks and possible responses. This time last year, when the pandemic started to hit, people were concerned that environmental and other sustainable business issues would be forgotten due to the urgent need to respond to the human and economic crisis and the pandemic’s impact on wellbeing and livelihoods. If anything, however, the understanding of climate and the climate crisis has continued to grow. This year, COP26 – the major UN climate conference – will be hosted by the UK in Glasgow in November. This will be a vital meeting. Over five years ago, in 2015, at the Paris COP, governments around the world committed to keeping the average increase in global temperatures to well below two degrees with the ambition to limit warming to 1.5 degrees. Science tells us that this is needed to mitigate the worst impacts of the climate crisis and maintain a habitable world. A key part of the agreement was a ‘ratchet’ mechanism with governments committing to set increasingly ambitious targets every five years, recognising that the initial commitments made at the time of the Paris agreement were not sufficient. COP26 is the conference at which these updated commitments will be made. Of course, in addition to the human impact, the economic consequences of failing to act at the pace and scale demanded by the science are enormous; the Economist Intelligence Unit has estimated that the direct costs by mid-century will be $7.9 trillion.  As well as a continued focus on climate, the pandemic also reinforced business responsibility in relation to social issues and the need to think about how businesses support communities and employees. These issues are interconnected, so you cannot look at either the climate crisis or the COVID-19 pandemic in isolation. The pandemic has also forced everyone in the world to pause, reflect on the kind of recovery we want, and ask whether we can create a more equitable, more resilient, and more sustainable world. On that note, businesses are thinking about the kind of shift there might be and how they can be best positioned to respond. Accountants have played a vital role in helping their organisations navigate challenging conditions thus far, of course, but there is also a massive opportunity for accountants to help shape a sustainable future. DM: It is widely acknowledged that if we are to avoid the worst impacts of the climate crisis, global greenhouse gas emissions need to halve by 2030 and reach net-zero by mid-century. You alluded to it there, but how can the finance community drive efforts as we work towards that goal? JF: Your question highlights the dramatic nature of the transition needed to achieve those goals. Accountants are at the heart of the organisation in terms of measuring, tracking, setting targets, and planning the necessary investment. To that end, they analyse the external risks and identify the information their organisations need to assess the impact of the transition on their business. More and more organisations are also setting what are called science-based targets, which, as you say, are needed to avoid the worst impacts of the climate crisis. Accountants can help set those goals, but also embed them throughout the whole organisation. Accountants also direct flows of money and financing, and investors are increasingly interested in these issues. This is a significant opportunity to access different sources of funding with the growing interest in environmental, social and governance (ESG) investing which, at the moment, is critical for some businesses.  The other thing that we see is accountants’ ability to influence others, including engaging new employees. We often hear about the newer generations of accountants having a clear sense of purpose, and that is true – but it is equally true throughout the whole organisation. This provides a dual opportunity for accountants to play to the finance team’s skillset and that softer cultural engagement, which is an essential driver of business success. From large companies to small accountancy practitioners, climate change will affect us all. There is, therefore, a role for everyone to play. It doesn’t have to be something individuals think about in terms of home life alone; we can also have a powerful impact through our professional lives. DM: The Irish Minister for Finance, Paschal Donohoe TD, added his support to the TCFD (Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures) last November. What should accountants expect in the future in terms of sustainability reporting? And how can they help their organisations prepare? JF: TCFD is gaining global momentum. It started as an industry-led group endorsed by the regulatory community. As a result, it has always had a regulatory hue, but it was very much investors, companies, and other key representatives coming together to create a framework. We are now several years into its adoption, and we can see a shift to mandatory reporting. A4S has done quite a lot of work globally with organisations to apply its principles in practice, and they find a few areas particularly challenging – one of which is scenario analysis. But this is an area of significant interest to investors. It links back to the kind of targets companies need to set, whether that is a net-zero target or a science-based target. In the build-up to COP26, you will see more and more organisations making that kind of commitment. You will also see investors come together to focus on what companies are reporting and the concept of a transition plan – does the business have a credible strategy to respond to the change in the global economy as we transition from fossil fuel use and work to halve global emissions by 2030? We also know that businesses have to account for the physical impacts arising from climate change, such as flooding. We can already see changing patterns and the impact this is having on business. Building resilience into any response while trying to reduce the risk is therefore crucial. This all fits into the broader reporting landscape where regulators and standard setters are now asking for improved reporting on climate-related issues. Most recently, the IFRS Foundation announced its intention to establish a sustainability standards board, providing a potential ‘home’ for the TCFD as part of a recognised standard setter. So there is much momentum – not just in terms of what should be reported on from a climate perspective and convergence with the TCFD framework, but also how that plays into the broader sustainability reporting landscape. Companies need to think this through, and accountants can help their companies whether they are within the organisation or providing that advice as a third-party. And finally, because sustainability reporting is becoming increasingly mandatory and there is a focus on the robustness of the information needed to support investors in their decisions, assurance comes into play. Therefore, accountancy firms must consider how to adapt assurance services to assure climate and other sustainability information. Sustainability reporting is important, but the impact of sustainability trends on financial reporting is also key. The heads of the accounting bodies are collaborating to reinforce this point, but it can often get lost in the discussion around sustainability standards: auditors and accountants in business should already be thinking about the impact of climate risk on the financial statements. More sustainability-related information might go in the front half of the annual report but if you look at the existing requirements under financial reporting, organisations should consider how some of these issues impact the financial statements. That is another critical area to consider – and one that few organisations have started to analyse in the kind of depth that will be demanded in the next few years. DM: On that point, do you think the accountancy profession is sufficiently equipped with the skills necessary to ensure that their businesses are sustainable and to report on those issues? JF: There is undoubtedly a considerable capacity gap. One of the significant challenges we all face is how all professions can upskill to respond to this massive task. When we set up the Accounting Bodies Network in 2008, that was one of the five principles – how do you embed sustainability into professional training and education? We are starting to see the tools, techniques, and approaches become embedded into syllabi, but most professionals did their qualification quite a long time ago. Continuous professional development (CPD) therefore needs to be an acute focus. Reporting is one of those important areas, but many finance professionals spend the majority of their time looking at other areas such as management accounting, supporting the strategic planning process, capital investment decisions, preparing management information, raising finance, engaging with the capital markets and many other areas. We have developed an A4S Essential Guide series that covers all these accountancy and finance areas in a very practical way and is free to access for all from our website, www.accountingforsustainability.org. Last year we launched the A4S Academy, which is our way of helping finance professionals dig deeper into the issues and equip themselves with the necessary skills. DM: Certainly, the guidance and data that A4S has produced have been really useful for Chartered Accountants Ireland’s membership. To follow on from that point, we will likely be grappling with the impact of COVID-19 for years to come. For those working in finance, how can we better address environmental and social risks, both now and into the future? JF: We have done research over the past year to understand the role finance has played in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and how the different parts of the finance system can work together to start building a better future. Three themes came through from our work with the accounting community, the first of which I already discussed – setting ambitious targets. The second area is accountability through reporting. Again, I touched on that earlier in the discussion, and it plays to the heart of what accountants can do to support their organisations. And finally, there is the theme of collaboration – how do we come together across different sectors and different stakeholder groups to innovate and find solutions? Throughout the pandemic, we have witnessed some fantastic and inspiring examples of organisations thinking creatively to find solutions to pandemic-related challenges. That same kind of thinking and collaboration will be vital in our fight against climate change. DM: Technology-enabled communication platforms are a game-changer in this context, aren’t they? JF: Absolutely. I am sure most of us are keen to return to some form of human interaction and in-person events, but that ability to connect globally is here to stay. It provides some exciting opportunities for the future. As we look ahead to COP26, we will focus on bringing finance teams to that conference in a virtual way and delivering insights and messages from the summit back to the finance community. Accountants and finance professionals around the world can play a significant role in tackling climate change. We will need to consider how we mobilise that commitment to action and support accountants in what will be a vital year in terms of having a chance of achieving those ambitious global targets in the decade ahead. DM: With COP26 due to take place in Glasgow in November of this year, do you see it as a ‘make or break’ moment in the fight against climate change? JF: Absolutely. Time is running out, and a decade is an incredibly short amount of time. To halve the emissions globally over the next decade, we need to see action every year. COP26 is just one event, but the focus is not solely on governments coming together to ratchet up their commitments. It is also a call to action to every other corner of the economy, and we can all contribute by making a vocal, visible commitment. Our role is to enable governments to take the kind of action needed, which provides the context within which businesses and individuals can take action. DM: And what are your hopes for the COP26 summit? JF: I hope that we see a commitment to action from all parts of the global community. Of course, thinking of the work that A4S does, I would particularly like to see accountants worldwide commit to playing a role in accelerating that transition to a net-zero economy. I would also love for all of your members to signal their commitment, sign up, raise the ambition and – most importantly – take tangible action. Look out for more ways to get involved in the coming month. It’s one thing to commit, but it’s quite another thing to act. What we need to focus on now is action. DM: Finally, you led a workshop at the 20th World Congress of Accountants entitled “Can accountants save the world?” Over two years have passed since then, so what is your answer to that question today? JF: Yes, I think they can. I hope that the discussion we’ve had today will convince accountants that they have a critically important role in turning climate change around and, ultimately, saving the world.  

Seven Chartered Accountants reflect on their careers overseas and describe life in different countries as the COVID-19 pandemic continues. Fiona Walsh  Audit Manager at KPMG  Sydney, Australia Time abroad: three years In June 2018, I was given the opportunity to move to Sydney as part of KPMG’s global mobility programme. This was a really exciting opportunity, both personally and professionally, so I packed my bags and moved half-way across the world. Moving with the same company and in the same role made the move a lot easier as, along with starting a new job, you are trying to familiarise yourself with a new city, find a place to live, and settle in. The first few months are a really exciting time but while Australia is quite similar to Ireland culturally, it did take longer to settle in than I had imagined. When the pandemic hit, it changed life as we knew it in Sydney. The switch to a virtual world was sudden. At first, there was a novelty attached to it. We quickly had to adapt as most Australian companies are June year-ends, so busy season was fast approaching. However, in Sydney, we returned to the office relatively quickly as COVID-19 numbers decreased. We have been working from both the office and home for several months now. One positive outcome from the pandemic is that we now have a lot more work flexibility, but I don’t believe a full-time work-from-home model is sustainable in the long-term. We found the transition back to the office easier than expected, with a renewed value on face-to-face interactions with teams and clients. In Australia, we have been very lucky with the impact of COVID-19 restrictions compared to Ireland, but the toughest part is that, for the Irish community abroad, we don’t know when we can next jump on a flight to visit family and friends. I got engaged to my fiancé in October (also an Irish Chartered Accountant), so we are very excited to get home to celebrate. The uncertainty of the pandemic makes a full-time move home more difficult to contemplate in the short-term. Claire Iball Finance Director at Intel Portland, Oregon, USA Time abroad: 15 years The worst part of being away from home during the pandemic is not being able to physically see and hug my family in Ireland, though FaceTime and WhatsApp have eased the distance. When I took this role in the US, I thought I would stay for two to three years. I didn’t know what I was getting into. I am super independent, but the first few months without friends and family were difficult. That said, I don’t think I would do anything differently. You can only grow when challenged by new situations, people, and environments. It tested my ability to adapt and respond to change and differences. Working for a US company where the majority of business partners are US-based means more traditional work hours. In contrast, working for a US company while living in Ireland meant working later into the evening to collaborate with US colleagues. And while I would love the opportunity to work in Ireland and live closer to family, I have also started my own family here and have a different lifestyle and new friendships. I think working from home during the pandemic has opened up job opportunities and does not require experts to be in certain locations. As the end of pandemic is in sight, we will reflect and adapt to the new world and way of working.  I think there are great personal development opportunities in working abroad. Anyone thinking of doing so should go for it. If you want to experience a new country, culture, and learn new ways of working, that’s the best way to go about it. It’s always better to regret something you’ve done rather than something you haven’t done. S. Colin Neill Board member New Jersey, USA Time abroad: 45 years On graduation from Trinity, I joined Arthur Andersen in Dublin. I had always heard that being a Chartered Accountant would provide a passport to travel the world, and indeed it proved to be.  My wanderlust took me to New York after qualification at a time when it was relatively unusual for Chartered Accountants to make such a move. I eventually got involved in the formation of the Association of Chartered Accountants in the US (ACAUS), which sought to enhance and promote the Chartered brand. The effort was extremely successful – ACAUS celebrated 40 years last year and has achieved mutual recognition of qualifications with many US states. My life would not have turned out the way it did without the solid business foundation of the Chartered Accountant training and qualification. I am now semi-retired, but I remain active on several boards. The challenge for me has been to master and embrace current technology, which I have luckily done. Some of the boards I serve on support the charitable fundraising activities of hospitals, both in the US and Ireland. The pandemic has made holding live fundraising events impossible, and that has had severe consequences for the hospitals. On the other hand, the commercial entities whose boards on which I serve are thriving. Unfortunately, one is an historical cemetery and crematory – business is booming. While I travel back to Ireland several times year – mostly to play golf – leaving was a very good move for me. The only time myself and my Irish friends ever questioned moving back to Ireland was during the rise of the Celtic Tiger. The thought did not last long, however. Gavin Fitzpatrick Director of Financial Accounting and Advisory Services at Grant Thornton San Francisco, California, USA  Time abroad: 20 months The pandemic has definitely made it more challenging to achieve the objectives I set for myself when first taking this role. Meeting existing clients to further develop relationships has been more difficult in a remote environment. Building rapport with new teams, whether internal or external, has required additional effort. Add to this the personal challenges of keeping a young family in good spirits during lockdown in a foreign country. This role, and the last 12 months, have taught me the importance being agile, staying positive, and taking stock regularly to challenge myself to ensure I am putting effort into relevant tasks. The way I support existing clients has changed, but they still get value from a local contact who can help them navigate a world of constant change. Despite a year of home-schooling and travel restrictions, my family have managed to make the most of this adventure, creating memories, friendships, and achieving many personal goals along the way.  Despite the challenges, this move has been a success, both personally and professionally. If I had the opportunity to do it all over again, I wouldn’t do anything differently. We try to make the best decisions we can with the information we have at a point in time. When the outlook changes, no matter how radically, we adapt. Roles such as mine are important for our business and the development of our teams. While planning for similar roles in the future will no doubt mean considering additional matters, I would encourage anyone to grab these opportunities wherever possible. Fearghal O’Riordan Vice President at Aon Cayman Islands Time abroad: 11 years I’m missing Ireland. It has been 18 months since I was home. Not being able to see family, friends, neighbours and Galway has been a challenge. I am a keen horseracing fan, so I miss being able to visit stables and see the horses. But, I do enjoy it here, and I guess I am settled now. This is home. I met my wife here on my first visit and we have been together 19 years, and the Cayman Islands people have been very welcoming and good to me. It’s a very attractive place to live. I love the mix of cultures here in the Caribbean. We have over 100 nationalities in a population of 65,000. You meet lots of wonderful people with great stories of life in their homelands. We are fortunate to have a super global IT infrastructure supporting our local office. That held up very well when we all went remote in March 2020. Thankfully, the IT didn’t buckle under the strain. The Cayman Islands came out of lockdown in July and I’ve been working in the office since, though staff do have flexibility to continue to work from home, especially those who commute through morning traffic. The Cayman Islands is (as of 15 March 2021), COVID-19 community transmission-free since July 2020 so we are very, very fortunate to be living relatively normal lives with the sole exception of the border being closed so travel is restricted. Having emigrated twice, I would implore anyone thinking of doing so to make the most of where you are – be it in Ireland or abroad. Everywhere has benefits and downsides. Enjoy the best of where you are and, if you move, make the best of that place. Nowhere is perfect but if you do have that sense of adventure, go for it. Louise O’Donnell  Manager of International Operations, Strategy, Legal & Compliance at Oman Insurance Dubai, UAE  Time abroad: 12 years I definitely knew what I was getting into when I moved here 12 years ago, and I would not change anything with regards to working and living overseas. I believe it has moulded me and allowed me to work in an extremely multi-cultural environment where I experience different viewpoints that will remain with me in the future. On a personal level, it allowed me to put down roots in a new city, take up new hobbies, and create a life. I also met my husband in Dubai.  However, due to the pandemic, it is the first time since leaving Ireland that I have not been able to go home to see my family and friends. The rate of change in lockdowns and the ambiguity prevented me from doing so. That said, I am not ready to move home yet, and given that my personal life is very much entwined in the region, it would be a difficult choice to make. My husband is from Palestine, so it would have to be a good move for both of us – a consideration I didn’t have when I jumped at the chance to move to Dubai.  For others wanting to move abroad, I would give the same advice pre-pandemic and post-pandemic: go for it. You might have a defined timeline for moving overseas and a plan for when you might then return home. I had that in mind, as well, but my plans changed. We all think ‘I will live overseas for a maximum of three years and then go home’ – most expats in the UAE had the same thing in mind, but most usually end up here for longer than anticipated. I think there will always be a need for overseas employment, particularly in locations that are well-known expat hotspots. These locations continue to be transient and are developing fast, hence the need to bring new talent into these cities will remain. Even though we are still working from home and many countries remain in lockdown, I do not believe that this will continue full-time post-pandemic. There is a lot of debate on this topic and we do hear of certain industries moving their staff to 100% work-from-home, but I am a firm believer that innovative work still gets done in the office and we all need face-to-face interaction. Niall Fagan  Audit Senior Manager at Grant Thornton  Newport Beach, California, USA Time abroad: 10 years When I embarked on my secondment in 2011, I was looking for a new adventure both personally and professionally. The initial transition was challenging, but working for a large global organisation with consistent systems and methodology made the work transition easier. Having been one of the first secondees in the San Francisco office, I set up a group where we help future secondees and international hires with their transition to the US and I love to pass along all of my experiences. It’s been just over a year since I’ve been to our office or to a client site. At first, it seemed impossible to think we’d be able to operate at the same level of efficiency remotely. While working from home has definitely had its challenges, I believe we’ve demonstrated that we can perform efficient audits in a remote setting, which could have a large impact on our industry. It brings into question the need for large office spaces and the need for audit team onsite every day. Continued remote working should provide more flexibility and better work-life balance for people. From a personal point of view, while the pandemic has been tough and we might have to wait until 2022 before we can make it back to Ireland again to visit family and friends, it has allowed me to spend a lot more time with my two small children, for which I’m thankful. If someone is considering a career overseas in the post-pandemic world, my advice would be to go for it. The Chartered Accountancy qualification is highly respected worldwide. You can gain invaluable experience, learn new skills, and grow your global network. From a life experience perspective, I believe living and working in another country is extremely valuable, and I would encourage anyone who has an interest to take a chance.

Three Chartered Accountants talk to Accountancy Ireland about what worked and what didn’t in 2020, and the changes they have made to ensure success in both their work and personal lives in 2021. As we moved into 2021, so did the pandemic, lockdowns and working from home. Three members of Chartered Accountants Ireland – Larissa Feeney, CEO of Accountants Online; Maeve Hunt, Associate Director at Grant Thornton; and Kevin Nyhan, Credit Manager at AIB – describe what made their 2020 difficult, how they overcame those challenges, and what they hope to change this year. Goal-setting and disconnecting Larissa Feeney, founder and CEO of Accountant Online, has found that making realistic goals and not loading up her task list has kept her going during the pandemic. As a company, we were lucky when the pandemic hit as we were accustomed to remote working and automation, but adapting to working from home during a lockdown is challenging for everyone. I put a routine in place from early on: get up at 6.30am to do some reading, yoga and meditation before going for a walk. I am ready for work at 9am. If I keep to that routine consistently, it keeps me focused for the day and on an even keel.  Every Sunday evening, when I am relaxed, I set out all my weekly goals – both work and personal – and there is a great satisfaction to ticking those off during the week. At the start, I tried to motivate myself by putting lots of things on the list but that only served to make me feel stressed, overwhelmed and anxious, so I ensure the list is realistic and follows SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timely) principles. All my weekly goals contribute towards my monthly goals, my annual goals and my five-year goals. I know that I have higher energy in the early part of the week, so I take on the harder tasks during those days.  I have three children at home, so homeschooling means that you can’t give both home or work life 100%, but we are all doing our best. We have to go easy on ourselves and know that we cannot operate at the same level as before the pandemic, but we will get back to those levels one day.  To disconnect, I read in the evenings – but books that are good for the soul, rather than the business and leadership books I read in the mornings. Walking and getting out in the fresh air always helps. At home, a different person makes the lunch and the dinner every day and we take turns to pick a family movie to watch together.  Apart from ‘getting back to normal’, what I would like to change this year is the further evolution and development of the team and further investment in automation and innovation. Personally, I will continue to work on the home/business divide, which can always do with improvement. Stick with a routine in 2021  Maeve Hunt, Director of Audit and Assurance at  Grant Thornton, first thought the same day-to-day routine would get her down, but it has proved to be a winning habit.  When the pandemic hit last March, we scrambled to leave our offices and head home with monitors under the arm (quite literally) to enter this new way of working. For many, it was a balancing act of working at home in shifts and looking after children. For others, it was an isolating moment in time with no one sharing their working environment. What we needed was a new ‘routine’ of working. Is there a word that is more uninspiring and dull than ‘routine’?  It is a word we want to escape from. We want to travel the world and hide from routine, and seek exciting new opportunities. Can we be creative if we are in a routine?  If we have learned anything from the last year, it’s that routine may be dull, but it is familiar and dependable. A good routine has been key in order to live a somewhat enjoyable and productive working and personal life through the pandemic.  What worked for me was starting my working day earlier, taking an extended break in the middle of the day to ensure I homeschool my five-year-old and play with my two-year-old.  Inevitably, this meant working at night but I found that the shorter, focused periods of work I was completing actually made me more productive. That became a good motivator for me. What I found most challenging in that first lockdown period was how easy it was to go from day to day without talking to another member of my team. I quickly realised that the part I loved most about my job, and missed most during the health crisis, was collaboration.  Scheduling a daily chat with a member of the team has really helped with this. These social calls have helped me disconnect and give me energy for the rest of the working day.  So where do we go from here? There are many things I would change about the last year, but I think I’ve learned a lot about the importance of sticking to a routine that offers a bit of variety. It may not be the traditional working day in the office, but it is all about balance.  It is ensuring you disconnect in the day and take extended breaks. The beauty of working at home is the ability to get back time, cutting out commutes, inevitable down time and unproductive moments in the office. Use this time! Use it to clear your head, go for a walk, read a book, play with the kids. You will be all the more productive for it. A few tweaks to that dreaded routine, which we believe kills all imagination, might end up providing us with enthusiasm and energy for our daily life.   The importance of connections and disconnection  Kevin Nyhan, Credit Manager at AIB, has gone into 2021 wanting to reconnect with his colleagues and knowing the importance of leaving work behind at the end of the day. I was fortunate in that I had been able to work from home a few days each month before the COVID-19 crisis, so it wasn’t a completely new experience to me. However, there’s a big difference between doing it occasionally and working remotely on a permanent basis.  From the start, I’ve made sure to form and try to keep a daily routine, similar to what I did when I was in the office. I get up at the same time each day, try to start and finish at the same time, as well as taking breaks and lunch around the same as I would have done in the office. I have found that really helps to maintain some sort of difference between work and home.  Working on my own all day, I do miss the social interaction of work. At the start of the pandemic, like most, I tried group zoom calls and quizzes but, as we all know, it’s hard to have group discussions via video call. Instead, I now make the point of scheduling a short video call each week with a colleague or friend to have a coffee and a chat and that does help keep in touch with people. I’m fortunate to have a spare room to work from so I can close the door in the evening and try to leave work behind. However, it can be difficult to switch off when you’re just walking from one room to another at the end of the day. The commute between the office and home was useful to disconnect from work-mode and I do miss that break between home and work. I now take a short walk in the evening after I finish work. That 20 minutes really helps me to disconnect. Plus, my dog is delighted with all the walks he is getting these days.

Alan Johnson, President of the International Federation of Accountants, shares his thoughts on the challenges and opportunities facing the profession, and the priorities for his presidential term. 1. When you joined the IFAC Board in 2015, did you envisage at that time becoming President? Absolutely not. In fact, I didn’t know much about IFAC until 2011 when I was approached to consider joining the Professional Accountants in Business Committee, which I served on for five years. In 2015, ACCA, my member body, asked me whether I would consider putting myself forward for the board and quite honestly, I had never thought about that – partly because I wasn’t sure I would know what to do given that I didn’t have much knowledge of IFAC beyond my Professional Accountants in Business work. But then, having thought about it, I realised that I probably knew enough. I also realised the value of being a volunteer and giving back to the profession, a profession that had given me a good life and a good career internationally, so I decided to go for it. I knew it would be competitive, and I didn’t honestly expect to get it, but I was selected to my pleasant surprise. Then, when the call came out for board members to put their names forward in January 2018 for the Deputy President position, I didn’t put myself forward because I genuinely believed that other members of the board deserved to become President and would do a better job than me. But things developed by mid-2018 and I was again asked to consider putting myself forward. It was quite late in the process, but I put my hat in the ring. As they say, the rest is history. I was appointed Deputy President and the more I learnt about the role, the more I felt confident in the role so that, by the time the election for the presidency came around, I felt I was ready. So, that’s what happened. It wasn’t planned or envisaged. I never expected to get on the board of IFAC, let alone become Deputy President or President, but sometimes things work out. 2. And how has the work of IFAC changed over the five years of your involvement? The profession faces many challenges, as do all professions today. Number one, we have the scrutiny of the regulators concerning the quality of audit. Sadly, corporate failures will always bring the spotlight onto the audit profession, whether we like it or not. Failures – and I would not necessarily call them audit failures because it is not as if the audit itself failed – arise for various reason, including for example when management deliberately keeps information away from auditors. Now, that is not a good enough excuse to the public because every corporate failure leads to significant loss of jobs, loss of livelihoods, loss of value to investors, and damage to the society in which businesses operate. So, I don’t want to minimise corporate failure; it’s quite serious, and we have an important role in helping prevent it as part of a broader ecosystem. We also have to demonstrate that we operate ethically, that we act independently, and we do our best to provide independent, high-quality assurance on financial statements. We, therefore, spend a lot of time reinforcing the importance of ethical behaviour, independence and judgement. There’s a firm commitment to operate with sound and robust independence in what we do. The other thing I would say is that we talk about the auditors when it comes to corporate failure, but we should also think about the professional accountants in the business who are responsible for performance, oversight, risk and governance. We must look at ourselves from within the corporate entities and ask: where are we as professional accountants, and is this a situation where we should blow the whistle? That’s where the profession plays a vital role and that’s why the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, which covers not just accountants in practice but also accountants in business and the public sector, are essential as we support our professionals and encourage them to speak out when that is needed and necessary. You know, we talk a lot about the public interest, but if you asked me 30 years ago, when I was CFO of one of Unilever’s subsidiaries, if my job was a public interest role, I probably would have said no. We have a big role to play in explaining what public interest really means. I think the auditors get it, but I’m not sure whether professional accountants in organisations understand that they have a critical role in protecting the public interest. Yes, they are employees of an organisation. Yes, they are paid by the organisation. And yes, their careers are often dependent on those organisations. But since I got involved with IFAC, I have become aware that I’ve always had a “public interest” role. I always acted in the public interest, but I would not have defined that part of my role as it needs to be clearly defined, especially today in a world of multi-stakeholder capitalism. So, we have a significant role to play through our member bodies to ensure that our professional accountants understand their unique roles in protecting the public interest. And part of that is making sure that private enterprises operate correctly, ethically, within the law, and do everything that is right for society – not just what is right for shareholders. 3. For many professional accounting organisations, volunteers tend to come from public practice. Given your extensive background in industry, what does the perspective of an accountant in business bring to IFAC’s standard-setting and industry-convening roles? It’s an interesting question because that was precisely what I had in mind when I had concerns about whether I would be of any use on the IFAC board. Having said that, in all the roles I have had in business, I have always interacted with the profession. I was on the other side of discussions with auditors for many years. I was on selection panels to select auditors. I was the Chief Audit Executive at Unilever for six years and in that time, I engaged regularly with our external auditors. Even though I don’t come from that part of the profession, I understand what they do, what they need, how they operate, their challenges, and their critical role in society. And that’s why I have been able to contribute to the discussions in the Monitoring Group – because I understand the role standard-setting boards play as part of building trust and confidence in financial markets. When I joined the IFAC board, many colleagues came from the audit and assurance side of the profession. Today, we have a much better balance of people from business and the public sector while retaining expertise from the audit and assurance profession and improving the level of representation for small- and medium-sized practices (SMPs) on the standard-setting boards and IFAC’s advisory groups. If there is one thing we should feel proud of, it is how much more diverse the board is today. I thrive in working with diversity. As a person, you learn a lot more; you become a better leader; you become a better person. By the way, diversity of thought, views, expressions and debate around the table will, more often than not, improve outcomes. 4. A feature of Chartered Accountants Ireland’s membership is the relatively high proportion of our members working overseas. What supports should professional accounting organisations offer to their overseas members to encourage loyalty to their qualification while maintaining standards? I worked extensively in Europe, Africa and Latin America during my career, but I always had a strong affinity with Ireland through my early career in Unilever when I visited Dublin and other cities frequently. It’s a unique country that has always been a top talent provider around the world and Chartered Accountants Ireland is no exception. The Chartered Accountants Ireland qualification is highly sought-after, so it’s no surprise that there are so many Irish Chartered Accountants working worldwide, either because their companies have moved them or they sought opportunities abroad. When I look at where we are today, the three things that stand out for me are ethics, leadership and governance. Professional accountancy organisations need to equip their members with these skills wherever they are in the world because reputation takes years to build but can be lost in a flash. We need to protect the profession’s reputation, which boils down to ethics, leadership and governance. It’s also about courage and confidence. So, when I look at what our member bodies need to do, they not only need to support their existing members, they also need to attract the brightest, best and most committed people into the profession because we are a profession of people. Robots and machines might help us be more efficient in some areas, but most of what we do is people-centred and requires good judgement. It’s essential, therefore, that we remain an attractive profession for the next generation. If I look back at my memories of the profession, I think of long hours, hard work, no work/life balance, travelling a lot if you’re in audit and assurance, terrible for families, terrible for working mothers. Your career might pause if you’re a working mother and you take maternity leave or time away to look after young kids – that role that is still more typically assumed by women, although that is changing. As a result, the accountancy profession is not a natural first port of call for the next generation who want better work/life balance. So we must find new ways of doing what we do – not only more efficiently, but doing different things and often in different ways to make our profession attractive. I think accountancy remains very attractive and when I look at the statistics, we are a growing profession. Many young people in many countries are coming through the professional qualification so we can attract them, and that’s great – but we also have to retain them. Purpose is a critical element in achieving that. Young Chartered Accountants want to work for an ethical company, as we all do. It’s is not just about rapid career advancement; they want to see the purpose and the impact their organisation – and by extension, they themselves – can have on society. Young people are thinking about purpose much more than I did 40 years ago. It means much more to them, and they will form their views about whom they want to work with, where they want to work, and what work they want to do based on the ethos and the purpose of organisations. And to go back to the point about the public interest, if we can make it clear why our profession is truly a public interest profession, we will remain a very attractive profession in the future. 5. Your predecessor, Professor In-Ki Joo, described the Monitoring Group’s challenges as “among the most difficult circumstances” in his memory. What opportunities do you see for IFAC as the Monitoring Group’s work takes effect? As you know, the Monitoring Group is a group of international institutions and regulatory bodies that are working to advance the public interest in areas related to international audit standard-setting, audit quality and ethics. The initial Monitoring Group discussions started in May 2015, before I joined the IFAC board, and it remains a feature today.  Today we’re in a much better place, and I can see the light at the end of the tunnel. There will be some changes to the structure of the standard-setting boards and the process to select standard-setting board members. But whatever the outcome is, I think there is a clear recognition that the profession has developed high-quality standards for auditors, professional accountants and the public sector. The question is how we move forward in a changing environment with more agility, more speed, and more diversity – that’s what we’re discussing now. IFAC and its member bodies will continue to play an important role in the standard-setting process. Why do I say that? First of all, we have the knowledge and expertise. We are either the preparers, users or assurers, so we must have a role because we understand what good standards look like. That’s accepted by the Monitoring Group and the other players, including the PIOB (Public Interest Oversight Board) and the standard-setting board chairs. We also have to play a critical role in adopting and implementing international standards. A standard-setting board can write excellent standards, go through the due process, get them developed and get them approved – but indeed international standard-setters have no force of law. Standards need to be adopted and implemented by national standard-setters. That is where our profession comes in and why the profession has to stay connected to the standard-setting process, provide good quality resources to the standard-setting board and the technical teams that do the work, and – an even bigger job – facilitate adoption and implementation in jurisdictions around the world. IFAC will clearly have a very important role in standard-setting and an even more important role in making sure that the standards get used. A standard is worth very little if it’s never implemented; sometimes we forget that.  I am much more confident today that we have the right framework in place to have proper and fruitful discussions. There is also the right understanding of each player’s relevant and relative roles, and there is an acceptance that we all have important roles to play in delivering high-quality international standards that are adopted across the world. That’s the objective of all of us, and there is no argument or disagreement about that. 6. IFAC is actively promoting the development of coherent standards for ESG. Are there pitfalls as well as opportunities for accountants as these standards are developed? First of all, we need a truly international approach to ESG standards. At the moment, we have fragmentation with five or six bodies working on different elements of ESG standards. It isn’t joined up, and there’s no mandate to deliver. Like audit and assurance standards or accounting standards, we need a framework and structure to develop international ESG standards. Some time ago, we concluded that the IFRS Foundation had a role to play because it has credibility, capacity, resources, and a proven track record in delivering internationally accepted standards. IFAC put out a call to action in September, which outlined the importance of one body taking responsibility for setting standards. It cannot continue to remain in the hands of five or six independent bodies without the capacity, resources, funding, and authority to deliver. The paper called for a new sustainable standards-setting board under the umbrella of the IFRS to take responsibility for developing credible, international sustainability standards that can be adopted widely across the world. Why? Because there’s an increasing demand for all organisations to report against a consistent set of high-quality standards. The demand from society, investors, stakeholders, suppliers, customers and employees is that companies deliver against a set of high, internationally comparable standards. It goes back to the point of purpose. Whether in our profession or other professions, the next generation will want to work for companies that take this seriously. It’s one thing to say that we will deliver against the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but the hard truth is: how do we know we’re getting there? Where’s the measurement, and against what measures? Are they consistent measures? How do we know that what a company is reporting is authentic, is accurate? That’s where our profession has an important role to play on both sides, both as preparers who help organisations implement the necessary processes and as accountants in practice who provide independent assurance over, and audit, what is reported to give credibility. As a profession, the pitfall will be if we aren’t up to the mark in helping organisations implement the reporting regimes to meet the new standards. If we don’t do that, somebody else will. That might be a pitfall, but I see it more as an opportunity – not necessarily a commercial opportunity, more an opportunity for our profession to play our rightful role in ensuring that organisations become more sustainable and helping society, in general, become more sustainable. This all links back very strongly to the concept of the public interest, which I have mentioned several times. Wherever you go, you will find a link to our role in the public interest – and this is a critical public interest role we must fulfil. That’s why I see it as an opportunity, but a pitfall if we fail. And if we fail, we have not fulfilled our public interest mandate and therefore don’t have a right to speak out on issues. 7. What other areas of focus would you like to bring to bear during your tenure as IFAC president? Beyond the important points I’ve already discussed, I have canvassed intensely for increased professionalism in the public sector. I was on the board of the UK Department for International Development for just over two years and during that time, I chaired the Audit and Risk Assurance Committee. That period really shaped my awareness of how higher levels of professionalism, particularly in terms of the accountancy profession, could make a massive difference to the public sector. It was an ‘aha’ moment for me, and I want to drive that agenda much harder during my presidency. And we are starting from a position of strength, as we now have great public sector representation on the IFAC board. When I joined I think there was one public sector member; we now have four out of 22 and many more on our advisory groups. Another area of focus is what I call ‘Save the SMEs’. Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are critical to every economy, large or small. Big corporates get lots of attention, but we often forget that big corporates not only rely on SMEs, but a significant part of their supply chain is also made up of SMEs. The largest employer worldwide is the SME sector, so we need to save the SMEs by ensuring that they have access to high-quality professional accountants. We can do that by advocating to ensure that they employ professional accountants, and ensuring that the SMPs that support them have a high profile on our agenda. Who is Alan Johnson? Alan Johnson became IFAC President in November 2020, having previously served as Deputy President from 2018-2020 and as a board member since November 2015. He was nominated to the IFAC board by the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA). Alan is a former non-executive director of Jerónimo Martins SGPS, SA, a food retailer with operations in Portugal, Poland, and Colombia, having completed his board mandate in 2016. He is currently the independent chair of the company’s Internal Control Committee. Previously, Alan was Chief Financial Officer of Jerónimo Martins from 2012 to 2014. Between 2005 and 2011 he served as Chief Audit Executive for the Unilever Group. Alan also served as Chief Financial Officer of Unilever’s Global Foods businesses and worked for Unilever for 35 years in various finance positions in Africa, Europe and Latin America. Alan was a member of the IFAC Professional Accountants in Business Committee between 2011 and 2015, a member of the ACCA’s Market Oversight Committee between 2006 and 2012 and chair of the Accountants for Business Global Forum until 2018. He was a member of the board of Gildat Strauss Israel between 2003 and 2004. Alan is the chair of the board of governors of St. Julian’s School in Portugal and chairs its Finance and Bursaries Committees. In October 2016, he was appointed to the Board of Trustees of the International Valuation Standards Council and chairs its audit committee. Between July 2018 and September 2020, he was a non-executive director of the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and chaired its Audit and Risk Assurance Committee. In January 2021, he joined the board of Imperial Brands plc as a non-executive director. Source: The International Federation of Accountants.

Six Chartered Accountants assess the events of the past year and consider what could lie ahead as the New Year approaches.2020 has changed the trajectory of many lives. Some have seen their careers go in unexpected directions while others have adjusted to the new working world around them. No-one can say that they have escaped unscathed by the events of this year, personally or professionally. Patrick O’Sullivan Greene, Jude Fay, Declan Walsh, Fiona Byrne, Henry Duggan and Jennifer Harrison explain their challenges and triumphs from 2020, the changes to their personal and professional lives during the pandemic, and their predictions for the New Year. Remote working goes mainstream For Patrick O’Sullivan Greene, author and activist shareholder, 2020 has taken him away from the office, colleagues, family and friends, but a changing business world had prepared him for remote working. When COVID-19 announced itself on the world, I had already been a member of the remote working community for a number of years. When I started working in my native Killarney after returning from London, I was able to take advantage of the strong communication network in Kerry, the two direct flights a day to London and a good rail connection to Dublin. As a director of an activist fund that has invested in quoted companies across Europe and being involved in a number of early-stage businesses in Ireland and France, I was still able to conduct business from a distance.  Remote working, of course, has now become more mainstream. This has been facilitated by the rapid growth in shared office providers across the country and the ‘internationalisation’ of rural Ireland. The opening of the Box CoWork space in Killarney, combined with an emerging coffee culture in the town, has given me access to a community of similar-minded people. The enforced lockdowns have brought a major change to my work life; no office, no travel, no coffee. Of course, this is a minor inconvenience next to the impact the pandemic has had on many other people’s lives. But, COVID-19 has not just impacted negatively on my work life. I have not met some close friends and colleagues in nearly ten months, including the parents of one of my godchildren, and I am unlikely to meet them for another six.  However, there have been compensations. I was able to put the final touches to my first book – Crowdfunding the Revolution: The First Dáil Loan and the Battle for Irish Independence, the story of the founding and funding of the well-known start-up called Ireland. Going forward, I expect some structural changes in the post-pandemic world; more remote working, less international travel and a greater appreciation for the environment. Humans are social animals and we will adapt as necessary.  It is important that the Government continues to provide support to SMEs, in particular the retail, pub, restaurant and wider tourism sector. We need to ensure those businesses make it through to the other side. Embrace transformation Jude Fay, a psychotherapist and supervisor in private practice in Co. Kildare, considers the challenges and opportunities faced by the mental health sector this year and outlines the important changes she plans to make in the years ahead. Previously, psychotherapy services, therapist training and CPD were mostly delivered in person. Like other industries, we have had to adapt to providing services online. Psychotherapy can be delivered online, but it is not the same. We lose some of the visual clues, such as body language. However, the transformations are not all bad. There is greater awareness of the importance of mental health. For some, online access makes it easier to engage, both practically and emotionally. Services online do not rely on physical proximity. For practitioners or clients in rural areas, this offers greater choice. But since the pandemic began, I have been very aware of a free-floating grief, and hear others in the profession saying the same. A sense of confidence and certainty has been lost. While, intellectually, we know the future is always uncertain, the pandemic has brought that uncertainty much closer. COVID-19 losses are not just the obvious ones. I believe this pandemic is an opportunity to reflect on what is important, to look at where our lives have become unmanageable and take action to change that. Personally, the biggest impact has been the inconvenience and a restriction of my normal movements. A couple of friends contracted the virus but, thankfully, I have not lost anyone to it. A good friend died in April, and I was unable to attend the funeral. My mother was hospitalised shortly before, and again during, the lockdown, and the family was unable to visit her. Those experiences were very hard.  On a lighter note, I turned 60 this year and had many plans for celebrating, most of which had to be shelved. I should be preparing to travel to South America, but clearly that’s not going to happen! Going forward, I will look for the joy in each day and be mindful of my many blessings. I will connect more with loved ones, let small things go, and appreciate my good health.  Adjust accordingly Declan Walsh, founder of Deferno Solutions, the Chartered Accountants Northwest Society and The Neurology Support Centre, reflects on the drastic changes the charity sector was forced to undertake in 2020 and what all organisations should look forward to in 2021. COVID-19 has, and will continue to, negatively impact the charity sector. Not only has it had an impact on the charities’ ability to fundraise, but the more direct impact has been on the actual provision of services to the end-user. Over the next 12 months, charities will have to think differently about how services can be provided. New service delivery platforms will become the new short-term norm. While not ideal, the move to online service provision is becoming necessary and differing skillsets are needed. At the Neurology Support Centre, we have just launched, in conjunction with Spectrum Life, an online counselling and wellbeing service for users and their families, which provides 24/7 confidential access to a range of services. Strategic planning, both from a business and charity perspective, has been turned upside down over the past year. The five-year plan is now often replaced by a five-month or five-week plan. However, it is critical that board and management teams review their long-term goals and make sure that the short-term goals are equally aligned. The near future will continue to be uniquely challenging as we emerge slowly from COVID-19 restrictions, restart the economy, and deal with Brexit. However, this change to a new norm has, in many cases, provided time to reflect on what may be a person’s main motivator in life. Ultimately, it is all about people, connecting directly, listening, understanding and being more empathic and, perhaps, relegating the necessary, but invisible, forms of instant communication and social media to a more secondary place. Whether as the founder of a charity, or as a financial advisor, the same rules apply. You must not only listen, but also hear what is being said, and adapt accordingly. Find value in community relationships Fiona Byrne, Director of James Byrne & Company, has found that, while this year has presented challenges, it has also strengthened her relationships with her clients, community and colleagues, and given her a better work-life balance. Our industry was transformed overnight – the move to remote working has definitely been the most significant challenge. The majority of our team had previously operated entirely from the office, so there was an immediate need for IT infrastructure to be mobilised to our teams’ homes. This added to the uncertainty and stress at the time. Luckily, we had already begun the process before COVID-19 hit. It is incredible how people across the age spectrum and industries have been able to adapt and demonstrate an agility that, perhaps, we knew we had but never truly tested before.  Despite this, we all miss the social aspects of the traditional office environment, of course. Although technology keeps us in touch, the lack of daily in-person contact has been tough and I am very conscious of the mental health and wellbeing of our team. Assuming this is the new normal, we need to work on how we can continue to build our office culture while taking in these new ways of working. The current circumstances have really demonstrated the value in relationships, and I take great pride in the fact that my company has offered support to both our clients and community.  Looking at my own life, remote working allows for additional flexibility, less time is spent commuting and more time is spent with my family. I have noticed that as our professional and personal worlds have become blurred, people were extremely accepting and understanding. At the end of the day, we all have various family commitments and the fact that everyone went through this together meant that we all learned a little bit more about each other.  2021 looks challenging but, hopefully, the New Year will bring a fresh sense of optimism and new ideas. As we approach Christmas, I am mindful that we will need to be focused on people taking a break – it is clear we all need to refresh.  On the whole, the combination of virtual working and people’s adaptability is a positive development for our industry, and new innovative ideas will emerge that allow us to be fully compliant and work more efficiently. I believe remote working is here to stay and, if used properly, will allow accountants to become more efficient and have a better work-life balance.  Secure a different future Jennifer Harrison, sole practitioner at Jennifer Harrison Chartered Accountants, left the security of a “guaranteed monthly income” to set out on her own in September, leading her to walk down a more fulfilling professional path. The pandemic has probably been one of the biggest life-changing events for me professionally. Like many others, 2020 started full of optimism, working in full-time employment with the opportunity of promotion in sight. This pandemic threw a spanner in the works with cutbacks, increased workload and home-schooling. I was forced to re-evaluate the priorities in my life, allowing me the opportunity to see a different future professionally. I was a firm believer that security was in the form of a guaranteed monthly income, but this year has proven that nothing is guaranteed. Life is full of curveballs and we need to learn to change and adapt as they come.   This change in perspective encouraged me to set up my own practice. It has only been a few months since I opened my doors, but I can already see the benefits along with a steady increase in interest and commitment from new and future clients. Although the pandemic has prevented the face-to-face interaction with clients, it has allowed many clients to experiment with online communication, expanding my customer base. It has also allowed me to work alongside some amazing organisations, offering online support to businesses in Donegal. This is something I really enjoy doing and now, I hope to expand my business to include online training and support as a standard service (but it’s early days).   I have to say, this year has been challenging personally. Restricting movements, fear for the health of my loved ones, reducing my social life and so on, but it has taken me down another, more fulfilling path professionally. This is a big step for me, which is scary and exciting all at once. Utilise the tools you have Henry Duggan, Managing Director of EMEA Financial Services at FTI Consulting, has found that the agile nature of his job was ready-made for remote working, leading to greater collaboration and creativity on his team. COVID-19 has highlighted the need for flexible solutions to meet client demands. My work primarily focuses on sensitive, multi-jurisdictional investigations relating to money laundering, terrorist financing and breaches of international sanctions. My organisation has been extremely proactive in exploring how technology can facilitate such investigations during the current pandemic and been very successful in that respect. My team is leading multiple remote investigations across many jurisdictions, and COVID-19 has emphasised the need to embrace new ways of working and think about more creative tools and solutions. I relocated from the Middle East in March, so I have worked from home since then. FTI Consulting has invested in forensic technology, which has ensured that I (and my team) have been able to continue conducting our investigations work since then. Notwithstanding the inability to socialise and travel, I have found that my ability to respond to client needs has been unaffected due to advances in this firm’s forensic technology. And, while normal face-to-face interaction has been lost during the pandemic, I have found that many colleagues have embraced virtual meetings, and this has led to greater collaboration and creativity. Sure, the casual coffee chats and unexpected catch-ups have been lost, but productivity has increased in my view. Personally, given the agile nature of the work that I conduct, I don’t anticipate any major changes in the coming year. The biggest change that I have experienced so far is in relation to conferences and seminars. Previously, I would travel to other countries to deliver lectures on financial crime and money laundering. However, the increased prevalence of webinars has been refreshing and has reinforced the importance of distance and blended learning. The tools are there if you’re prepared to adapt and use them.

Suzie Arbuthnot ACA, the winner of BBC’s Best Home Cook, discusses life as a parent, entrepreneur, and TV presenter.Earlier this year, you were crowned BBC’s Best Home Cook, how did that come about?Back in 2017, I entered the Great British Bake Off. I was first reserve and was devastated when I didn’t get called up. One of my friends told me to enter this other food programme, and so I did. A few days later, I had a phone interview and then a face-to-face meeting in Northern Ireland, where I had to make a savoury and a sweet dish. I was then flown to London to replicate the three stages you see on the show and, as they say, the rest is history!You recorded the show while setting up your own business. What was that experience like?I became self-employed on 1 February 2019 and I flew to London at the very beginning of March to start filming Best Home Cook. I was completely stressed because I wasn’t bringing in an income, but my husband said: “You have worked so hard for this opportunity, you can’t give up now!” So, having won the title and trophy plate, I had to return to normal life and not tell a soul. It was an agonising nine months. I set up my own practice by following the straightforward steps set by Chartered Accountants Ireland. I was extremely fortunate that my old firm (PGR Accountants, Belfast) referred a piece of work to me, and that got me started.What would you describe as your greatest challenge or achievement to date?I used to say: “finally qualifying as Chartered Accountant”, as it took me eight years. I never gave up, and I knew I could do it. I was able to have my family, have my children, and just enjoy life. I don’t regret a moment of it at all. However, I think winning a UK-wide cooking competition and now presenting my own food-focused TV show, Suzie Lee’s Home Cook Heroes, is pretty amazing!What’s the most valuable lesson you’ve learned?Have faith in yourself in whatever you do, as others are quick to knock you down. This has been true in all areas of my life, so be kind to everyone you meet, treat them the way you would like to be treated, and have no regrets.What do we most need in this world?We need to learn how to switch off. I am a huge culprit, but we are too connected these days – attached to our phones, tablets and laptops. The art of social interaction is starting to wane right in front of our eyes, and it’s all down to our devices.How do you recharge?I love keeping busy, but I get my energy from spending time with family, cooking, going to the gym, playing hockey for Lisnagarvey Hockey Club, and singing with Lisburn Harmony Ladies Choir.

Enda Gunnell FCA had a successful career in corporate advisory but the entrepreneurial impulse was always there. When the opportunity to start his own company presented itself, he couldn’t turn it down, writes Barry McCall.There aren’t many successful companies based on a business model of selling less product to its customers, but that pretty much sums up the Pinergy strategy. Established in 2013 to provide electricity on a pay-as-you-go basis to budget-conscious households, Pinergy has evolved to become a purpose-driven business with a mission to help customers reduce their electricity consumption by providing them with ‘energy with insights’.Founder and CEO Enda Gunnell began his career as a Chartered Accountant with Mazars but entrepreneurship was probably always in his DNA. “My family had a shop and filling station on the outskirts of Roscrea,” he explains. “I was raised in a business environment and we all had to put our shoulders to the wheel to help out.”The varied and challenging life of a Chartered AccountantBut his pathway to accountancy was certainly not mapped out from an early age. “I was surprised when I was accepted for a place in UCD Commerce,” he says with a degree of self-deprecation. “I was the first member of my family to go to college. I got in because my matric maths mark got me a few extra points. When I went to UCD, I did work experience with a local accountant in Roscrea during the summers and other breaks. I gravitated towards the Chartered Accountancy route.”He says he got a bit fed up with the ‘milk round’ recruitment interviews but was still offered a training contract with Rawlinson Hunter which went on to become Mazars. “I stayed with them for 23 years and ended up working with the then-Managing Partner Joe Carr in the consulting team doing corporate advisory work. That was always my type of work; I enjoyed it more than audit. I really liked working with SME owner/managers. You get a chance to form a relationship with them. They might have 50 employees but no one to talk to.”He also worked on some major projects during the years, including a strategic review of the GAA and a review of Irish banks’ loan books for Blackrock which was working on behalf of the Troika at the time.Interesting though these projects were, they couldn’t really compare to an assignment in Lithuania on behalf of the World Bank. “It was just after the country had gained independence from the former Soviet Union. One night, I was approached in the office lobby in Vilnius by an armed man who asked me to value some uranium for him. His English wasn’t very good, and my Lithuanian was even worse, but I managed to say thanks but no thanks. When I think about that, I always remember something that Joe Carr said about the varied and challenging life of a Chartered Accountant.”The start of PinergyHe believes the entrepreneurial impulse was always there to one extent or another. “When I was working with owner/managers, helping them take their businesses to the next level, it was always in the back of my mind that I would like to do it myself. I was open to the opportunity for a long time, I just didn’t know what it was. I knew I wanted to get out of the dugout and onto the pitch and try it.”As often happens, the stars aligned to create the opportunity. “A set of circumstances came together,” says Gunnell. “The funding was available, the market conditions were right, and the idea was there. I figured someone would give me a job if it didn’t work out. I had come across the pay-as-you-go electricity space a few years previously and then met someone in the electricity market and another person interested in funding a start-up in the space. I put the three together. Everyone needs electricity; the country was on its knees. The regulator was telling electricity retailers that there must be a better way to provide the service. Pay-as-you-go already had 15% of the UK market but had almost no share here.“The technology was there in a box ready to roll out and we had the other elements in place. We weren’t reinventing the wheel. The technology and the model were already being used around the world. It was of its time, and we were introducing it in a recessionary market. It took a little while to get going. We had to do a lot of work before we could sell a single kilowatt. We had to integrate the technology with the existing market and systems. It’s a regulated industry so you can’t just do it your way.”The next stage was to go out and sell. “We got a sales team together. As an accountant, I liked the idea of variable costs. We had the sales team knocking on doors and we paid them if they made a sale. We didn’t have fixed overheads. We were rewarding success. Back then, we sold everything through the Payzone platform. I remember driving around Dublin going into shops buying Pinergy credit to make sure the platform worked. Our original plan didn’t have TV ads or brand ambassadors, but we had to do that in the end. We had to learn how to build a brand and I found myself on sets watching TV commercials being made. Today, Pinergy supplies businesses and homes with clean energy as well as insights to give clarity and knowledge to help them change how they use energy.”Creating a sustainable futurePinergy is now a purpose-driven brand. “I believe everyone has a role to play in creating our sustainable energy future,” says Gunnell. “The energy market in Ireland hasn’t really changed in years. The market has not been responding nearly enough. We realised five years ago that the whole industry was fixated on price. It was a bit conflicted in how it approached sustainability. The traditional business model in the retail space is getting paid for kilowatts used and wasted. There is no incentive to encourage customers to be more sustainable and reduce their consumption.”Pinergy was the first company in Ireland to use smart meters. “We showed that by using smart technology, consumers could reduce their electricity usage. We began to view the smart meter as an energy-saving device. Then we started looking at LED lights. They use 80% less electricity than incandescent bulbs, but they were very expensive back then. We knocked on people’s doors and offered to sell them at the wholesale price and use the smart meter to recoup the cost over the next two or three years.”While innovative offers like that won the company customers and admirers, it was all too easy for those customers to switch to another provider with a discount offer. “The regulator’s main mandate is to look after consumers. That makes it very easy to switch.”That saw the company evolve its strategy to look beyond domestic consumers. Initially, the focus was on apartment blocks to get the contracts to supply the common areas as well as gain access to residents. After that came the move into the commercial market. “We were in the electricity sales business, but we wanted to sell less electricity to individual customers. The way we see it, if we can partner with a new customer to save 30% or 40% of their electricity consumption that still means we are selling more electricity overall. When we moved into the commercial market, we realised SMEs could be paying 20% more for their electricity than a householder across the road. We took our smart meter technology and pricing model and sought to apply the same principles to the commercial market.”The energy with insight model gives customers the ability to analyse and understand how and where they use electricity in their business. “For example, a retailer with five branches gets the data from the smart meters on a single portal and they can compare and analyse the usage patterns in the different locations and get insights to help them reduce energy consumption. One of our customers owns a warehouse which closes at 6pm every day, but was still using half as much electricity in the evenings as it was in the daytime. They found that equipment was being left on and were able to make immediate savings.”Immediacy is the key. “Rather than wait for a bill two months after the event, we put real-time data in customers’ hands and give them the ability to take control of their consumption. After that, we can talk about other technologies like LED lighting, microgeneration and heat pumps and so on. Instead of selling a commodity, we want to create an advisory relationship-led business. It’s the same principle as when I was in practice, helping customers to meet their business objectives.”But competitive advantage is fleeting. “All of our electricity comes from renewable sources. This is now taken for granted by our customers,” says Gunnell. “That’s a lesson in business, the market keeps changing and customer expectations change, and you’ve got to keep taking it a step further or others catch up.”The impact of COVID-19The business is now strongly profitable. “We started with a single product in 2013 in an intensely competitive business. The ability to generate a return in the electricity space is all about gaining critical mass. We have installed around 60,000 smart meters around the country but have about 30,000 domestic customers now. The cost of customer acquisition is very high. 2018 was a turning point for us. Our financial performance in 2018 was a negative EBITDA of €3.3 million. Then we transitioned into the commercial space and in 2019 that changed to a positive EBITDA of almost €300,000. For this year, we were projecting €3 million before COVID-19.”While COVID-19 will have had an impact, the business will emerge from the year in a very good position. “We don’t want to supply everybody. Our only interest is in those who want to be more sustainable and efficient, and we will have a significant share in particular sectors.”The COVID-19 impact could have been quite severe though. “The government had said the lights would stay on,” Gunnell points out. “That meant electricity suppliers couldn’t cut people off. We were worried that people would be slow to pay their bills or wouldn’t pay them at all. The way the wholesale market is regulated, we would have had to pay for electricity even if it wasn’t used. Fortunately, that situation was addressed. Working capital was a concern for us but we had been approved for a loan under the government Credit Guarantee Scheme early in the crisis so that helped. Other government and Revenue schemes helped our working capital.”Despite the challenges, there have been positive aspects. “It’s been a really intensive period. We had to respond with quick decision-making and really good staff communications. I enjoyed it, to be honest. COVID-19 has changed how business will be done forever. We told people to continue to work from home if they wanted to after we reopened in June. Even when we do go back fully, 80% of our staff have said they would like to work from home one or two days a week and some of them would like to work from home all the time. We have to look at how we care for the welfare of our people. That will be much more challenging when we don’t have daily contact and those water cooler conversations.”For the immediate future, the company is introducing a number of new innovations for customers. These include Lifestyle, a billing offer for families which guarantees discounted energy prices at the times they use most.Another is a smart charging product for electric vehicles which will allow the vehicle to communicate with the grid and select the cheapest time to charge. “Ultimately, there will even be times when there is excess power on the grid when users will be paid to use electricity,” Gunnell adds.“Instead of ‘there’s a bill two months later and pay it or we’ll cut you off’, we want to change the nature of how consumers are treated and continue the journey towards a sustainable, carbon-free electricity future.”

Lucy-Anne O’Sullivan, a trainee Chartered Accountant at KPMG and qualified radiographer, talks about her recent return to the front line at St Vincent’s Hospital, Dublin to help tackle the COVID-19 crisis.How did you arrive at a career in accountancy?It is safe to say that I have taken quite an unconventional route to accountancy. I studied radiography at University College Dublin (UCD) as my undergraduate degree and started working in St Vincent’s University Hospital shortly after. I worked there for two years with a fantastic team and made life-long friends. I was always drawn to the corporate world and wanted to explore this interest further, so I completed a Masters in Management at UCD Michael Smurfit Graduate Business School. It was something totally different and allowed me to explore various aspects of business. This was my steppingstone to KPMG Risk Consulting, where I am currently preparing to sit my CAP 1 exams.You recently returned to the front line. What was that experience like?When the COVID-19 pandemic hit the country earlier this year, I felt compelled to make use of my skills as a radiographer and returned to St Vincent’s. Radiology has had a huge role to play in both the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients. I am very grateful to have had the opportunity to help out a department that has been under a lot of added pressure.The transition back to the hospital was smooth as I was familiar with St Vincent’s, having worked and trained there before. KPMG was hugely supportive of this move, which I am very thankful for. The first week or two took some getting used to as there were numerous new protocols, but wearing head-to-toe PPE and voluntarily walking into the COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) quickly became the new normal. The hospital looked and felt quite different, but I felt quite safe as the protocols in place are very effective. There are enormous backlogs of exams as a result of the lockdown, but it is reassuring to see that these patients are slowly but surely starting to come back to the hospital as it looks a little more normal each day.Describe your typical day at the peak of the COVID-19 crisis.The role of the radiographer is very hands-on and, as a result, there is no scope to shy away from the virus. A standard day involved running to COVID ED (the COVID-19 emergency department) to perform chest X-rays on every query case that arrived into the hospital. Every ICU patient needed a daily chest x-ray to monitor progress and assess new line positioning. Radiographers can be seen running all over the hospital with portable X-ray machines to examine patients on the wards, as well as treating non-COVID-19-related patients in the emergency department. I trained in the Cardiac Catheterisation lab, so I also spent some time there as standard illnesses are still occurring.What lessons will you bring back to your role in Risk Consulting?My lessons are quite simple: people are critical to the success of any team, regardless of the working environment. My time in St Vincent’s was tough at times, but I never had to face it alone and always had the full support of my team. It is incredible to see what you can overcome with the backing of a good team behind you.If you could give the public one piece of advice, what would it be?Don’t get too complacent too quickly, as the virus is still out there. That said, I am as excited as anyone to get back to normal. Also, hand sanitiser is your best friend!

John Convery discusses the critical elements of an investor-grade business plan and what investors and venture capital firms look for in an investable business.The saying “paper never refuses ink” can certainly be applied when business plans are being written. Entrepreneurs and business owners have license to include what they want and can go overboard in producing great looking (and sounding) documents, but to what end? Venture capital firms will tell you privately how many plans pass across their desks but are discarded very quickly because they are not grounded in reality or properly thought through.There is any number of sources that proclaim to give you the formula for “how to write a perfect plan” or “how to write a winning plan”. Thanks to the web, there are now templates galore you can use in tandem. There are also multiple sites that outline what a great business plan should contain.Writing a good plan is not an exercise in producing grandiose business models and frameworks, with dazzling technical language and 2-D diagrams in brilliant, sharp colours and padding the whole lot off with forecasts and various scenarios. This sort of approach might win you a prize in a visual design contest, it will not help you raise investment.A business plan clarifies what a business is going to do, and how it is going to do it. For any start-up or established business, the process of writing a business plan is a discipline in explaining this. The article will therefore focus on what is required to produce an investor-grade business plan, what should go into the plan,     and what investors or venture capital firms look for before they invest in a business.Function and roleThe business plan is a blueprint for a business; it is essential if you are thinking of starting a business and is also an important tool for any established business. It is not static; rather, the business plan for any business will change over time as the business develops and as objectives change. For any start-up business, here are strong reasons why you need to write one:the process of writing a business plan will challenge owners to critically examine the business potential. It will test and serves to clarify the feasibility of the business idea;it allows you to set out your goals and prioritise business objectives;it allows you to measure what progress is achieved; andit is required to attract investors and secure funding.ContentsIn terms of length, an investor-grade business plan of 10-20 pages is reasonable. The key elements and content should include the following:1. Executive summary: the most important part of the business plan, the executive summary is generally the last section to be written. The objective is to grab the reader’s attention, sell the investment opportunity, and to get the potential investor to read the entire plan. It should be succinct and no longer than two pages. The key elements are:Opportunity: in a nutshell why is your product great and what customer problem will you solve? Explain the pain-point, your solution, and what are you offering.Product: describe its benefits and what it can deliver.Value proposition: who is the target market, your customer, and why will they want to buy it? What are the benefits?Marketing strategy: how will you reach your customers and what are your distribution channels?Competitive advantage: who is the competition? What is your competitive advantage?Business model: how will you generate revenue, and from whom? Why is your model scalable?Team: who are the management team, and why will they succeed?Financials: include highlights from the P&L for the next three years, cash balances, and headcount. Explain how you will reach your revenue targets.Funding: how much funding is required, and what will it be used for? Outline plans for future funding rounds.2. Product/service solution: what is it, what does it do, how does it work, who is the typical customer, and why is it different?3. Value proposition: explain the problem your business aims to solve. Where is the pain? Quantify the benefits for your customer in terms of money or time – and remember, the pain must be large and the benefits meaningful to convince a customer. Skip the technical jargon and be customer-centric.4. Market and opportunity: explain the overall industry and market dynamics. Segment the market by customer group and identify your target customer. Quantify the total market size and market opportunity of your addressable market. Use charts or graphs if necessary but remember that all figures should be from accredited sources and referenced.5. Competition: list and discuss all your competitors. Include any product/service that could be a substitute or alternative for your customer and outline how you compare with competitors.6. Competitive advantage/edge: some call this the secret sauce. How are you differentiated from your competitors? Detail your sustainable competitive advantage, highlight any barriers to entry that might keep your competitors away, and explain why any customer would buy your product/solution.7. Business model: how will you make money, who pays you, and how much do you keep after any expenses? Explain all sources of revenue from your customers and explain how your model is scalable.8. Marketing/sales strategy: this is your ‘go to market’ strategy. How will you reach your customers? Will you choose direct sales, partners, resellers or web? Include pricing and how much will go to channel intermediaries; provide a timeline of key milestones.9. The team: detail founders and key members, their qualifications, experience, track record, and domain knowledge. Include any advisory board members or industry figures involved with the business.10. Financial projection: for a start-up, include one-year detailed P&L data, cash flow prediction, balance sheet by month, and annual summary figures for three years thereafter highlighting key figures in P&L, cash flow and headcount. Also, what and when is your peak cash requirement? Cash is critical, and the cash flow statement is the key one. For an established business, include P&L, balance sheet for the last three years, and project P&L, cash flow and balance sheet by month for the next three years. For any financial projection, outline all key assumptions used. These must be based on sober and pragmatic reasoning, clearly justify growth assumptions, and highlight the peak cash requirement and break-even point.11. Funding requirements: explain the amount of funding required for the business. How much is being provided by other investors? State what the funds will be used for and show how much existing founders and owners have provided to date.12. Exit strategy: discuss the opportunities for investors to exit such as an acquisition, trade sale or IPO (beware, IPOs are only for the very best companies). Highlight trends in the market and give examples of valuations relevant to your business, but don’t go overboard and perhaps discuss your aim to build a truly sustainable business.Business plan pitfallsDo not make exaggerated claims. Business plans are meant to inform and reassure, not entertain, readers. Avoid the following types of statements or claims unless you can back them up with robust evidence:according to Gartner, the market is worth X billion; we only need Y% of this.we have no competition.our product is vastly better than anything else available.we can be number two in the market within 12 months.our technology is superior.customers will switch to our product.we will be profitable within 12 months.we can repay our investors after three years.our mission-critical kit is best of breed.we plan to target multiple overseas markets.we need to pay top salaries to attract top people.we want to retain the maximum amount of equity possible.It generally takes at least four years to reach €1 million in annual turnover, and that is if you are exceptionally lucky. It generally costs twice as much and takes you at least twice as long as you think it will to get there.Raising financeA start-up will typically go through different stages of funding sources as it moves from idea stage to product development, testing, initial customer validation and on to generating revenue. Initial funding will be provided by the founder, family and friends. Sooner or later, the founders will need to seek seed funding, which might be provided by an angel investor or seed venture capital fund. When a business seeks to raise outside finance from an investor or venture capital firm, they will look for the following criteria:Team: investors ultimately back people, not ideas. This is the number one criterion. They especially like those with deep knowledge and great experience; they will focus on track record and achievements.Market: they will seek a large market opportunity and strong growth rate. If the market has barriers to entry, better again. It needs to be big to support the returns many venture capital firms seek.Sustainable competitive advantage: a clear competitive advantage or unique selling point over others.Technology: great technology is a fundamental requirement now.Scalability: clear potential to grow in overseas markets.High gross margins: this reduces the amount required for working capital.ConclusionWithout a well-prepared and researched business plan, there is little chance of attracting outside funding. For a reader, the plan should be:credibleplausibleimplementableinvestableIt goes without saying that the plan should be grammatically correct, with no spelling errors. It should also be page referenced with no mistakes in the financials and look professional overall.John Convery is a business adviser to start-ups and small businesses. In the October issue, John will consider why so many start-ups fail, and how to improve the chance of success.

Imelda Hurley has had a challenging start to her role as CEO at Coillte, but her training and experience have proved invaluable in dealing with the fallout from COVID-19, writes Barry McCall.Imelda Hurley’s career journey to becoming CEO of Coillte in November 2019 saw her work on every continent for a range of businesses spanning food to technology. That varied background has helped prepare her for the unprecedented disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.“We have been working remotely since March, and the business has kept going throughout the pandemic,” she says. “We closed the office straight away and have had 300 people working remotely since then. Our primary focus since has been on the health, safety and wellbeing of our colleagues, and against that backdrop, on ensuring that a sustainable, viable and vibrant Coillte emerges from the crisis.”A diverse challengeThis has not been as straightforward as she makes it sound. “Coillte is a very diverse business,” she adds. “We are the largest forestry business in the country, the largest outdoor recreation provider, we enable about one-third of Ireland’s wind energy, and we have our board manufacturing business as well. We needed to continue operating as an essential service provider. That remit to operate was both a challenge and an opportunity.”The company’s timber products are essential for manufacturing the pallets required to move goods into and out of the country. “Some of our board products were used in the construction of the Nightingale Hospital in London,” she adds. “And the wind energy we enable provides electricity for people’s homes and the rest of the country.”Organisationally, the task has been to enable people to continue to do their jobs. However, the challenge varied depending on the nature of the operation involved. “In forest operations, people usually work at a distance from each other anyway, so they were able to keep going. That said, we did suspend a range of activities. We needed to continue our factory operations, but we had to slow down and reconfigure the lines for social distancing. And we kept the energy business going.”Those challenges were worsened by an ongoing issue associated with delays in the licensing of forestry activities and by the unusually dry spring weather, which created ideal conditions for forest fire outbreaks. “Even a typical forest fire season is very difficult,” she notes. “But this one was particularly difficult. In one single weekend, we had 50 fires which had to be fought while maintaining physical distancing. Very early on, we put in place fire-fighting protocols, which enabled us to keep our colleagues safe while they were out there fighting fires, and to support them in every way possible.”The lure of industryHer interest in business dates back to her childhood on the family farm near Clonakilty in Cork. “I was always interested in it, and I enjoyed accountancy in school and college at the University of Limerick. I did a work placement in Glen Dimplex and that consolidated my view that Chartered Accountancy was a good qualification that would give me the basis for an interesting career.”She went on to a training contract with Arthur Andersen in Dublin. “The firm was one of the Big 6 at the time,” she recalls. “I availed of several international opportunities while I worked there and worked in every continent apart from Asia. I really enjoyed working in Arthur Andersen, but I always had a desire to sit on the other side of the table. Some accountants prefer practice, but I enjoy the cut and thrust of business life.”That desire led her to move to Greencore. “I wanted to be near the centre of decision-making and where strategy was developed. I stayed there for ten years, learning every day.”And then she moved on to something quite different. “Sometimes in life, an opportunity comes along that makes you pause and think, ‘if I turn it down, I might regret it forever’. The opportunity was to become CFO of a Silicon Valley-backed business known as PCH, which stood for Pacific Coast Highway, which was based in Hong Kong and mainland China with offices in Ireland and San Francisco. It was involved in the supply chain for the technology industry and creating, developing and delivering industry-leading products for some of the largest brands in the world.”The experience proved invaluable. “It changed the way I thought. It was a very fast-moving business that was growing very quickly. I got to live and work in Asia and understand a new culture. I took Chinese lessons and the rest of the team took English lessons. There were 15 nationalities on the team. It was remarkably diverse in terms of demographics, gender, culture, you name it. That diversity means you find solutions you would not have found otherwise.“I spent three years with PCH and ran up half a million air miles in that time. It had a very entrepreneurial-driven start-up culture. The philosophy is to bet big, win big or fail fast. It was a whole new dynamic for me. I also got to spend a lot of time in San Francisco, the hub of the digital industry, and that was a wonderful experience as well.”Returning to IrelandImelda then returned to Ireland to become CFO of Origin Enterprises plc. “As I built my career, I always had the ambition to become CFO of a public company. And I always believed that with hard work, determination and a willingness to take a slightly different path, you will succeed. Greencore and Origin Enterprises gave me experience at both ends of the food and agriculture business; they took me from farm to fork. A few more years in Asia might have been good, but Origin Enterprises was the right opportunity to take at the time.”Her next career move saw her take up the reins as CEO of Coillte on 4 November 2019. “I always wanted to do different things, work with different organisations and with different stakeholder groups,” she points out. “Coillte is a very different business. It is the custodian of 7% of the land in Ireland, on which we manage forests for multiple benefits including wood supply. It is a fascinating company. It is an outdoor recreation enabler, with 3,000km of trails and 12 forest parks. We get 18 million visits to forests each year. We also have our forest products business – Medite Smartply. We operate across the full lifecycle of wood. We plant it and it takes 30-40 years to produce timber.”Imelda’s varied career has given her a unique perspective, which is helping her deal with the current challenges faced by Coillte. “Throughout my career, I have worked in different ownership structures and for a variety of stakeholders. I worked for public companies, a Silicon Valley-backed business, and have been in a private equity-backed business as well. Now, I am in a commercial semi-state. That has taken me across a very broad spectrum and I have learned that a business needs to be very clear on a set of things: its strategy, its values, who its stakeholders are, and how it will deliver.”Entering the ‘new’ worldWhile Coillte has kept going during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is still affected by the economic fallout. “We are experiencing a very significant impact operationally, particularly so when building sites were closed,” she says. “There has been some domestic increase in timber requirements since then, and there has been an increasing demand for pallet wood. That has had a significant financial impact and it’s why I’m focused on delivering a sustainable, vibrant and viable Coillte. We remain very focused on our operations, business and strategy. In the new post-COVID-19 world, we will need a strategy refresh. We must look at what that new world looks like, and not just in terms of COVID-19. We still have a forestry licensing crisis and Brexit to deal with.”The business does boast certain advantages going into that new world. “Our business is very relevant to that world. The need for sustainable wood products for construction is so relevant. Forests provide a carbon sink. The recreation facilities and wind energy generated on the land we own are very valuable. It may be a difficult 12-18 months or longer, but Coillte is an excellent place to be. In business, you manage risk. What we are managing is uncertainty, and that requires a dynamic and fast-paced approach. Time is the enemy now, and we are using imperfect information to make decisions, but we have to work with that.”Coillte will begin the first phase of its office reopening programme in line with Phase 4 of the Government’s plan. “We have social distancing in place and it’s quite strange to see the floor markings in the offices. We are doing it in four phases and carried out surveys to understand employee preferences. We then overlaid our office capacity with those preferences. Our employees have been fantastic in the way they supported each other right the way through the crisis.”Words of wisdomDespite the current challenges, she says she has thoroughly enjoyed the role since day one. “It would be wrong to say it’s not a challenge to walk into a business you were never involved in before and take charge, but I have a very good team. None of us succeeds on our own. We need the support of the team around us. The only way to succeed is to debate the best ideas and when there isn’t alignment, I make the final decision, but only after listening to what others have to say. You are only as good as the people around you. You’ve got to empower those people and let them get on with it.”Imelda believes her training as a Chartered Accountant has also helped. “It facilitated me in building a blended career. The pace of change is so incredibly quick today and if we do not evolve and learn, we lose relevance. Small pieces of education are also very valuable in that respect. Over the years, I did several courses including at Harvard Business School and Stanford. I love learning and I’m not finished yet. I’m a firm believer in lifelong learning.”Her advice to other Chartered Accountants starting out in their careers is to seek opportunities to broaden their experience. “Learn to be willing to ask for what you want,” she says. “Look for opportunities outside finance in commercial, procurement or operations. Look through alternative lenses to bring value. Make sure you are learning and challenging yourself all the time. Keep asking what you have added to become the leader you want to be someday.”And don’t settle for what you don’t want. “Be sure it is the career you want, rather than the one you think you want or need. It’s too easy to look at someone successful and want to emulate them. You have to ask if that is really for you. This role particularly suits me. I love the outdoors and I get to spend time out of the office in forests and recreational areas. That resonates particularly well with me.”

As the saying goes, rough seas make great sailors and the new President of Chartered Accountants Ireland, Paul Henry, has abundant experience of leading in times of crisis. Perhaps in a sign of the times, Paul Henry sat down at his desk at home in Belfast to conduct this interview. With the lockdown in full effect, he was working from home as he sought to run his commercial property business and prepare for the year ahead as President of Chartered Accountants Ireland. And it will be a busy year indeed. In July, Paul will also become Chair of CCAB – a forum of five professional accountancy bodies that collaborate on matters affecting the profession and the broader economy. There will undoubtedly be much to discuss. From recovery to regulation, Paul will lead the charge for both Chartered Accountants Ireland and CCAB at a turbulent and fragile time in the island’s history. The global COVID-19 pandemic has spawned an economic malaise that may well be compounded by the effects of Brexit but leading through such crises was far from his mind when he decided to become a Chartered Accountant in the 1980s. The path to industry From an early age, Paul was determined to become both a Chartered Accountant and businessman – influenced in part by the apparent success of his friends’ parents. Upon leaving his science-focused secondary school in North Belfast, Paul attended Queen’s University Belfast where he studied accounting at undergraduate level before completing what was then known as the Postgraduate Diploma in Accounting. He readily admits that his first year studying accounting was “a wee bit of a mystery” but with some perseverance, both the art and the science of the subject began to make sense. Paul went on to qualify as a Chartered Accountant with PwC Northern Ireland in 1989, where he met his wife, Siân. He subsequently held positions with the Industrial Development Board, Enterprise Equity, PwC (for a second spell), and ASM Chartered Accountants before joining his current firm, Osborne King, where he is now a Director and equity partner. The move from practice to real estate advisory came about when Paul was working with ASM Chartered Accountants, primarily on corporate finance projects. “I had been speaking with the team at Osborne King about developing the business and the commercial skills they would need to do that, so I helped to shape a role and job specification for them,” he said. “They went to market with the role and close to the closing date for applications, one of the team said: ‘We’ve received some good applications, but we didn’t receive one from you’. For me, that was the light bulb moment because it was precisely the career I wanted. So, I went through the application process and thankfully landed the job.” Becoming a businessman Paul’s evolution did not end there, however. Having joined Osborne King in 2000, he led transactions involving sophisticated financial structures including private finance initiative and public/private partnership deals. Business was booming but unbeknownst to most, the financial crash of 2008/09 was not far away. The global downturn that followed decimated many sectors and industries – not least commercial property. Osborne King, like many others, felt the pinch but out of crisis comes opportunity and Paul went on to achieve his second childhood dream: becoming a fully-fledged businessman. “Through a series of developments and the downturn in particular, I ended up completing a management buyout of Osborne King with one other colleague. We restructured the business and the shareholders haven’t looked back since,” he said. With the benefit of hindsight, Paul can identify several lessons that are pertinent today as employers attempt to stay solvent and keep their businesses afloat. “The critical thing is to be open and honest with your people. In a downturn such as this, businesses must reduce their cost base and conserve cash, and that means having difficult conversations – particularly with staff and suppliers,” he said. “But if you communicate clearly and often, people will trust you and that is a precious asset to have. So be straight with them about the challenges facing your business, but don’t forget to repay that trust when the business landscape improves.” Indeed, one of Paul’s proudest achievements is keeping the full Osborne King team intact throughout the 2008/09 crisis and its aftermath. “We were probably the only commercial real estate firm that didn’t make any redundancies during the last recession,” he added. “We did that because, in my mind, we have great people and it is our people that will help us thrive once the economy recovers.” The current crisis Nobody expected to be in an even worse economic predicament just 12 years later, but the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to plunging world economic growth. Businesses are operating in a near-absolute environment of uncertainty as governments scramble to provide the necessary lifelines for corporations, entrepreneurs, and their staff. In that context, Paul has been impressed by the agility and ingenuity of the governments in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland in responding to the needs of both businesses and citizens. “People are often very critical of the public service but in recent months, we have seen its very best elements – not least in the health sector and emergency services. We owe a huge debt of gratitude to those who put themselves in harm’s way to keep us safe,” he said. Paul is also keen to highlight the vital role of the Institute in helping its members through the pandemic. “In times of adversity, we become incredibly creative and innovative and the Institute has responded very well to offer members even more services – whether it’s the COVID-19 Hub on the website or our regular webinars on soft skills or the Wage Subsidy Scheme,” he added. “Since March 2020, the level of member engagement with the Institute has increased significantly so we can see clearly that our Digital First programme is the right strategy. If there is a silver lining to all of this, it is that we have been forced to accelerate many of the innovative member services initiatives that were already on our agenda for 2020 and beyond.” All of this, he said, complements the traditional role of the Institute as a source of support for its 28,500 members. “CA Support is there to support all members and students in times of difficulty or crisis, and the service has seen an increase in activity in recent months,” Paul said. “Whether you have lost your job, are struggling to cope with uncertainty, or feeling lonely, all members and students can turn to their member organisation for support and guidance, and that is something that makes me immensely proud.” The role of the Chartered Accountant In addition to helping each other, Chartered Accountants will also be relied upon to help steer businesses through the pandemic and towards a sustainable future in what remains a very uncertain economic and regulatory landscape. Paul is hopeful that the global economy will recover relatively quickly, but there remains much to be done even if the economic signals begin to improve. “As we work through the fallout of the pandemic, businesses will need to be aware of the ‘wall of creditors’ waiting for them on the other side of the crisis,” he said. “Although survival is the name of the game at the moment, rent, commercial rates, and other obligations will need to be settled at some stage and Chartered Accountants – both in business and as advisors to business – will need to turn their focus to that issue.” All the while, Brexit rumbles on in the background and although it has the potential to compound the economic woes bestowed on the island of Ireland, Paul points to the profession’s pragmatism as its most valuable asset in navigating the added uncertainty. “The Institute has made clear that it would be preferable if Brexit did not happen, or if it did, that it happened in a planned and managed way with ample time for businesses to acclimatise to the new reality. But Chartered Accountants will play the hand they are dealt and work to understand what role they must play in making Brexit work without judgement,” he said. The President’s priorities Paul takes the helm at Chartered Accountants Ireland at a distinctly turbulent time but as the saying goes, rough seas make great sailors and Paul’s experience – both in industry and practice – gives him a rounded view of the needs of the membership during times of crisis in particular. In the year ahead, the Institute will launch a new four-year strategy that will hopefully outlive both COVID-19 and Brexit and despite the uncertainties, Paul’s focus will remain very much on people, talent, and potential. “When I joined Enterprise Equity, my chief executive said ‘Paul, it’s going to cost me £1 million to train you’. I was thrilled because I thought I was going to be educated in the best universities in the world, but he really meant that I would make many costly mistakes along the way,” Paul said. “In business, you are often backing the jockey and not the horse. It is the people, team and leaders that will get you around the course and win the race, and this focus on people will be a core element of my Presidency in the year ahead.” Paul will also focus on other strategic imperatives during his tenure: building on the recent evolution of the education syllabus, supporting the Institute’s Digital First initiative, and adapting to the ‘new normal’ for students, members and staff – whatever that ‘new normal’ might be. “My key priorities will revolve around member experience. It is vital that we engage with members, both at home and overseas, and become increasingly relevant to members in all sectors,” he said. “Building engagement with our members will be central to that sense of relevance. And as someone who wasn’t engaged with the Institute for many years, I can say with conviction that once members engage with Chartered Accountants Ireland and come to understand the breadth of services and support available to members and students alike, they will be amazed.” Conclusion Paul’s presidency will be a presidency like no other. Travel will be restricted in the short-term, a global recession is looming, and the world of professional services work has undergone a dramatic upheaval. But Paul remains optimistic for the future. “Through our education system, we are equipping the next generation of Chartered Accountants with the skills and expertise necessary to lead businesses into the future and support economic recovery and growth,” he said. “Meanwhile, our members continue to be relied upon as the people who connect the dots, bring people together and make individual elements more effective and valuable by creating and leading great teams. For me, the future is all about empathy, people, and teams – and if we get that right, we can and will recover.”

Pamela Gillies shares her thoughts on the future of the profession, wealth distribution and the therapeutic art of mowing the lawn. What do you most enjoy about your role at BDO? I started my career in BDO Northern Ireland 23 years ago, and today, I am a Director within the Advisory team in the Belfast Office. Depending on the cycle the broader business environment is going through, I see my role as either helping my clients’ businesses to grow or helping them navigate challenging commercial and financial situations. Being able to help and guide my clients gives me enormous satisfaction. What is your professional highlight thus far? One of my earliest career highlights was the sense of achievement when we completed the first M&A transaction I managed. Other highlights range from successfully securing new funding for my clients to helping clients develop their strategic plans and returning to see that they have been successful in achieving their targets. The aftermath of the financial crisis was an interesting period in my career when our team was managing around 200 jobs covering insolvency and land/property receiverships. I worked on several high-profile cases at that time and enjoyed the challenge of managing complex transactions and working to save as many jobs as possible, while maximising the return to creditors – often a delicate balance. How will the profession change in the next ten years? Like all professions, we must evolve with the times. Our clients are becoming much more innovative and we are no different; going forward, we will all need to be adaptable and more agile in the services we provide and how we support them. While the majority of our clients are Northern Ireland-based, we see an increasing number with global reach, and we need to be equipped to support this with a broader knowledge of the global marketplace. As a profession, integrity must be the absolute cornerstone upon which our work is based and as such, I expect to see more advanced regulations, standards, and change for the better in the years ahead. What is the most memorable lesson you have learned? Patience is a virtue. When I was younger, I was probably quicker to react to situations than I am now. This usually came as a result of trying to impress someone with my speed of action and the desire to move onto the next task. I have since learned to take in all the facts, to listen, and to assess all of the information calmly and thoroughly before deciding on the best course of action. What do we most need in this world? We need a more balanced and sustainable approach to the generation and distribution of wealth. As we have, once again, seen over the last 12 weeks, we are all collectively facing unprecedented challenges. The statistics show, yet again, that it is the poorest who are suffering most. The 26 wealthiest people in the world control the same level of wealth as the four billion poorest. There must be a more equitable solution so that everyone can benefit from wealth creation but, importantly, that the creators of wealth are not penalised in doing so.    How do you recharge? I get my energy from staying busy. I like to be ‘on the go’ both during the working week and as a family at weekends. I am not the sort of person who likes to sit down a lot. A perfect Saturday is mini rugby with the boys in the morning, a walk up the Cavehill in the afternoon, followed by a great meal (prepared by my husband) around the kitchen table with the kids. My guilty pleasure is cutting the grass – one day I am going to write a book entitled ‘Zen and The Art of Mowing the Lawn.’

Joan Curry, who recently joined the first female majority board of IFAC, discusses her varied career in the public sector. Joan Curry is Head of Finance at the Department of Transport, Tourism & Sport; ex-chair of the Chartered Accountants Ireland Public Sector Interest Group; member of Council at Chartered Accountants Ireland; and a board member of the International Federation of Accountants. Add to that six children and a keen golfing interest, and one could reasonably say that Joan leads a hectic life. In terms of her professional career, Joan had an interest in figures and accountancy from an early age. “I was the eldest of five children, and my mother and father both worked outside the home,” she recalled. “We swam and my father was treasurer of the swimming club. I helped him with the money, so it was a subliminal introduction really.” At school, Joan and three friends were the first pupils of Mercy College in Coolock to do higher-level maths. “It didn’t occur to us that we were trailblazers or anything like that,” she said. We just did what we did. I got an honour in maths in the Leaving Cert, so I suppose I always had a head for figures.” No college fun Joan planned to do a commerce degree in university when fate took a hand. “My brother’s football coach was an accountant and he called to the house one evening and convinced me to become a Chartered Accountant by working for an accountancy firm,” Joan said. “I took that advice and qualified with Smith Lawlor & Co., now JPA Brenson Lawlor in 1988.” Joan completed her training contract and qualified in 1988 when she moved into industry with Nokia with a desire to gain commercial experience. Nokia was a tissue paper manufacturer, and Kittensoft was its major brand. The company was a big player in the Irish retail FMCG scene at that time. As a financial accountant, Joan was responsible for budget and financial management including the preparation of accounts for consolidation into the European group headquarters and, subsequently, for the United States when it became part of the James River and Georgia Pacific corporations. Looking back, Joan reflected: “In practice, you are engaging with clients annually. There is more continuity in industry; you are part of decisions and can see their cause and effect and results.” It wasn’t all work in Nokia, however. Joan made up for the lack of fun at college as she met her husband in Nokia. “I married the site engineer after he left the company,” she said. A wide and varied career Joan has spent the past 18 years in the civil service in several roles that have broadened her capacities. She gained extensive experience in multi-disciplinary environments and brings all of that to bear in her current financial role with the Department of Transport, Tourism & Sport. Joan’s career in the public sector began with a contract role as a project accountant for the Department of Finance, as it implemented the JD Edwards financial management system. This was later extended into a contract of indefinite duration. In 2011, Joan moved to the Department of Public Expenditure & Reform on its formation to work in the Government Accounting unit, the standard-setter for government accounts in Ireland. There, she built relationships with colleagues in both finance and internal audit in each government department. Joan also spent three years as Head of Corporate Services for the National Shared Services Office. A role that Joan particularly enjoyed while working in the Department of Public Expenditure & Reform was a secondment as Secretary to the Public Service Pay Commission. This was a non-financial role, utterly different to anything she had done before, and involved supporting the Commission in its examination of recruitment and retention matters in specific areas of the public service. Joan managed the research, contribution and report-writing phases of the Commission’s work and engaged with the public sector employer, union and other stakeholders in the process. Current role Joan joined the Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport as Head of Finance in August 2019 and her role covers “vote and expenditure management, financial management, risk management, and responsibility for the procurement framework”. The use of the term “vote” serves to highlight the differences between the public sector and private sector accounting practices. This refers to the financial allocation made to a department or public body by the government, which is approved by a vote of the Oireachtas. The differences run deeper than mere terminology, however. The State doesn’t utilise private sector financial reporting standards, nor does it prepare its accounts on an accrual basis. Joan is a firm believer that the State’s move to re-examine this area and consider the use of accrual accounting is the right one. A change in policy here would be consistent with OECD guidance on the matter Joan stressed. Joan reflects that, in contrast to government accounting, local authorities have been engaged in an advanced form of accrual accounting since 2002. They prepare their accounts in accordance with an accounting code of practice, which complies with FRS102 where applicable. The Department of Transport, Tourism and Sport has an oversight role in various bodies under its aegis and at times, Joan’s expertise is called on by departmental colleagues directly involved in the oversight function. “It extends into the transport sector – public transport, roads, local authorities, and then we have the tourism industry and Fáilte Ireland and Tourism Ireland and the breadth of activity they are involved in to attract tourists. It goes right down to sport and grants to local clubs. I didn’t realise the breadth of services involved until I started working in the department.” And unsurprisingly, there is no such thing as a typical workday for Joan. “There is a huge variety on any given day,” she said. “I try to look at it in its different compartments – vote management, financial management, risk management, and procurement. Those are the four key areas I try to interface with every day.” At the time of writing, the COVID-19 pandemic was taking up much of Joan’s time. “We have been engaged in emergency planning and contingency planning and arranging for staff to work remotely and so on. The staff here have been really fantastic,” Joan said.  Joan is also working daily with critical stakeholders on liquidity funding strategies to keep key transport systems and supply chains going – getting people and goods to where they are needed in light of COVID-19. Volunteer work Joan is a Fellow of the Institute and a Member of Council at Chartered Accountants Ireland. She is also a member and former Chair of the Public Sector Interest Group and recently became a member of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC). Joan describes her initial introduction to the Institute’s Council as the result of ‘a tap on the shoulder’. “I was approached to run for Council and I agreed. It all goes back to networks. I play in the Chartered Accountants Golf Society and have made some great contacts there. Within an hour of seeking nominations, I had ten nominations and I only needed seven.” Joan’s next step came when she was asked to go forward for the IFAC board. “I was nominated by Chartered Accountants Ireland and was short-listed. I went for the interview and was fortunate enough to be invited to join the board. Being there for Ireland is an immense honour, and being able to contribute that public service perspective is also very important to me.” The 23-member board includes 12 males and 13 females. “It’s gender-balanced, and the overall diversity is great,” she said. “I have four girls and two boys, and I have always stressed to them the importance of equality.” Life outside the office In Joan’s view, one of the best things about working in the public service is the scope offered to do other things. “The support I have received over the years has been invaluable,” she said. “I got better at managing my time and learned that I don’t need to be involved in everything that’s going on. I have improved at delegating and saying no. I have also learned that the time you spend on yourself is good for you and your employer. If you’re not feeling good, you won’t perform at your best.” When her children – Aisling, Ciara, Dearbhla, Shane, Sonia and Karl – are not keeping Joan busy with various college, school and extracurricular activities, she can be found on the golf course. “It’s the perfect place for headspace for me,” she concludes. “And a little competition as well!”

Colm Davitt, CEO at Dental Care Ireland, discusses life at the helm of the five-year-old dental business he founded with his brother. What do you most enjoy about your current role? My role involves acquiring dental practices and helping them achieve their full potential. It combines my background in business and accountancy with a passion for the healthcare sector. I love seeing the practices grow and evolve as we invest in facilities, services and management support structures. Our 15 practices are located all over the country, which means a fair amount of travel, but I enjoy getting out of the office every week to meet with current and potential practice teams. What has been your career highlight thus far? Two career milestones stand out. First, I passed my final admitting exams to become a Chartered Accountant at age 21. My qualification has been the foundation and bedrock of my career achievements to date. Second, a major highlight was the opening of our first branded Dental Care Ireland practice. I first came up with the Dental Care Ireland concept in 2014 with my brother, Dr Kieran Davitt. Our vision was to create a group of established, high-quality dental practices nationwide. It has been a hugely rewarding experience to see that idea become a reality in just five short years. How do you stay productive day in, day out? I am a firm believer in setting goals. We have ambitious growth plans for Dental Care Ireland, so I review our objectives and targets at least every six months. I am also fortunate to have built a highly motivated team around me. Our head office is located beside the sea and close to home, so I can walk to and from work. When I’m not on the road, it gives me some guaranteed fresh air and headspace. I try to balance work with plenty of family time too. I dedicate my weekends to watching my kids in action on the sports field or catching up on GAA.  What changes do you anticipate in your profession in the next five to ten years? I expect to see the large-scale automation of routine accounting and data processing over the next ten years. It will be essential for Chartered Accountants to remain commercial and value-focused. In general, I think the need for flexibility in the workplace will continue to grow, and employers will have to adapt accordingly. In the dental sector, we may see fewer dentists willing to run their own businesses due to increased compliance and administration requirements. What is the best advice you’ve ever received? Stay true to what you really believe in. Being a CEO can be a lonely place, and there are many ups and downs along the way. If you believe in what you are doing, you will gain respect and trust from those around you. Over the years, I have had the privilege of working with several great mentors and CEOs. They all had the ability to create a small but very loyal team, which is probably the most important lesson I have learned. Working with a talented and supportive team makes the days much more enjoyable and fulfilling.