There were a number of tax and expenditure measures specific to sustainability in Budget 2025, announced this week on Tuesday 1 October.   Tax policy measures A Benefit In Kind (BIK) exemption is being provided in circumstances where an employer incurs an expense in connection with the provision of a facility for the electric charging of Battery Electric Vehicles (BHEVs) at the home of a director or employee.    An emissions-based approach to VRT for category B commercial vehicles is being introduced with a view to incentivising uptake of these lower emissions vehicles. The proposal will introduce a lower 8% rate for category B vehicles with CO2 emission of less than 120 grams per kilometre. The weight carriage ratio for electric commercial vehicles is also being changed to enable them to qualify for the VRT rate of €200.   A VAT reduction to 9% for heat pumps is proposed from 1 January 2025 to incentivise homeowners to install them.    The Accelerated Capital Allowances scheme for gas and hydrogen-powered vehicles and refuelling equipment provides a tax incentive for companies and unincorporated businesses investing in these vehicles/equipment for the purposes of their trade. The relief will be extended for a further year, to 31 December 2025.    The CO2 thresholds for claiming capital allowances on business cars are being adjusted downward in light of improved vehicle emissions standards.  From 1 January 2027, an expenditure of €24,000 will be allowable for cars with CO2 emissions of 0-120g/km. A reduced amount of €12,000 will be allowable for vehicles with CO2 emissions of 121-140g/km. There will be no allowable expenditure for vehicles with emissions >141g/km.    Expenditure measures Along with the €750 million committed to develop the electricity grid, Budget 2025 includes funding of €469 million from the carbon tax for Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland (SEAI) residential and community energy upgrades, including the Solar PV (photovoltaic) Scheme. This is an increase of €89 million on last year, and applicants to this scheme can avail of the Clean Export Guarantee (CEG) tariff to receive payments for excess renewable electricity they export to the grid. This revenue was generated from the carbon tax levied on fossil-fuel use. This levy is set to increase again this year in line with commitments to raise the rate of carbon tax to €100 per tonne of carbon dioxide emitted by 2030 (as per the trajectory set out in Finance Act 2020). From 9 October 2024, the rate per tonne of carbon dioxide emitted for auto diesel and petrol will increase from €56.00 to €63.50. This increase will apply to all other fuels from 1 May 2025.  €51.7 million has been committed to deliver the EU Just Transition programme in 2025, the programme that aims to ensure that no sector of society or community is left behind in the movement to a climate-neutral, sustainable and digitally-connected Ireland. €172 million has been allocated to Climate action and environment leadership, under which heading comes climate research and the development of new technologies, building capacity across Government departments and agencies, and providing funding for developing countries €127 million has been allocated to protecting our environment and growing the circular economy, including additional resourcing for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and €18 million to remediate former landfill sites. Notably, up to €3.15 billion of the Infrastructure, Climate and Nature Fund is being set aside for the multi-annual funding of designated environmental projects over the period 2026 to 2030 to support the transition to a low carbon economy and improved environmental outcomes. Designated environment projects will include those that contribute, either directly or indirectly, or are likely to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, an improvement in water quality or an improvement in nature and biodiversity objectives.   Find more informed, reliable commentary on the impact of this year's Budget on business in Ireland, compiled by the Chartered Accountants Ireland team of experts.  

  In this week’s Sustainability/ESG bulletin read about sustainability measures in Budget 2025, calls by the EPA for a national policy position on the environment, and a new report on the circulatory gap. Also covered is the UK becoming the first major economy to exit coal power, the publication of Northern Ireland’s first Environmental Impact Report, how experts are needed to help businesses with nature integration, a new taskforce for fairer societies, and the usual resources, articles and upcoming events. Ireland news Sustainability in Budget 2025 Budget 2025 was announced this week on Tuesday 1 October, with a number of tax measures specific to sustainability. Read more here Beyond GDP – Quality of Life Assessment - Ireland Ireland is performing well relative to other countries on the OECD’s Better Life Index and on the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This is according to Beyond GDP - Quality of Life Assessment, a report prepared by the Department of Finance analysing the broader impacts of budgetary policy on economic, social and environmental well-being. From a national perspective, progress on the measurement and delivery of the UN SDGs in Ireland is positive, with over four-fifths of the assessable targets on track to being achieved. However, 14% are of concern, though are being partially achieved, and the remainder (4%) are not being achieved. EPA calls for national policy position on the environment The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Ireland is calling for a national policy position on the environment in its 2024 State of the Environment Report. The report, which publishes every four years, is the eighth in the series, and provides an integrated assessment of the overall quality of Ireland’s environment, the pressures being placed on it and current responses to environmental issues. This report points to serious deficits in the implementation of relevant legislation and programmes across Ireland, along with ongoing insufficiencies in policy responses. Commenting, EPA’s Director General Laura Burke described Ireland’s environmental and climate measures as ‘incremental’, designed to barely meet compliance rather than address root issues.  “We are always playing catch-up. We now have virtually no seriously polluted rivers, but we have hardly any pristine ones left, either. We now recycle more, but produce more waste than ever and export much of it”. Read the full report here. New Circularity gap report launches The Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications has commissioned a new report analysing Ireland’s material consumption and carbon emissions profile and the potential for circular economy strategies to mitigate environmental impacts. The report, The Circularity Gap Report Ireland, was commissioned to understand Ireland’s material and carbon footprint for key systems such as the bio economy, the built environment, and manufactured goods. Recommendations include shifting incentives to redirect finance towards sustainable resource use by repurposing and reforming fiscal instruments, using pollution and resource taxes more strategically and effectively, and further leveraging and using public spending strategically to support circular business models and supply chains. UK/Northern Ireland news US Net Zero Advisory Board to boost green economy in Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Economy Minister Conor Murphy has announced a new Advisory Board designed to enhance Northern Ireland’s standing as a global leader in green technology and the net zero economy. The Net Zero Advisory Board, supported by Joe Kennedy III, U.S. Special Envoy to Northern Ireland for Economic Affairs, will tap into the expertise of Northern Ireland’s strategic diaspora community through Northern Irish Connections. The Board will focus on raising international awareness of Northern Ireland’s green economy, forging strategic partnerships, and facilitating key investments in low-carbon technologies. Northern Ireland’s first Environmental Improvement Plan publishes Northern Ireland has published its first Environmental Improvement Plan (EIP), an overarching document setting out Northern Ireland’s environmental priorities. The EIP includes a mix of both existing and new environmental objectives, targets and actions for the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) and other departments with a role in improving the environment. The objectives of the EIP are: excellent air, water and land quality, a healthy and accessible environment, ‘thriving, resilient and connected’ nature and wildlife, sustainable production and consumption on land and at sea, zero waste and a highly developed circular economy, and Net zero greenhouse gas emissions and improved climate resilience and adaptability. The EIP is a statutory obligation arising from the Environment Act 2021, enacted in part as a result of the UK’s EU Exit and resulting impact in terms of environmental governance with the Office of Environmental Protection having oversight of progress in implementing the EIP. Find out more here. The EIP publication coincides with the release of Northern Ireland Greenhouse Gas Projection Statistics. These figures show a 23% decrease on the 29 MtCO2e emitted in the base year (1990). UK becomes “first major economy to exit coal power” The UK has become the first G7 country to phase out coal power as the last of its coal-fired power plants closed this week. From October 1, UK electricity production will be coal-free, compared to the 1980s when coal power made up 80% of the country’s electricity needs. UK power sector emissions have fallen by 74% since 2012.  Commenting, campaign director at climate change think-tank E3G, Ed Matthew, reportedly stated: “The UK was the first country to build a coal-fired power station. It is right that it is the first major economy to exit coal power”.  Greenwashing: CMA issues tailored guide for fashion brands The UK’s Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has issued practical guidance for the fashion industry on making green claims about products. The guide, accompanied by 17 advisory letters to business, is the latest in a series of actions by the regulator addressing fashion brands’ green claims. From Spring 2025, the CMA will have strengthened consumer powers under the Digital Markets, Competition and Consumers Act 2024. This will enable the CMA to fine businesses up to 10% of their worldwide turnover if they break consumer law, suggesting that businesses should take steps now to make sure their claims are accurate and do not mislead shoppers. Europe news The European Union (EU) has reportedly warned Ireland that it has two months to formally transpose the revised Renewable Energy Directive 2023/2413 into its  own laws – a measure that should have been completed by July 1st this year.  The Directive was introduced to bolster efforts to increase the use of renewable energy across the bloc. The directive’s provisions, among other things, aims to simplify and accelerate permit granting procedures for renewable energy projects, such as wind and solar farms, and the infrastructure needed to ensure they can supply electricity. World news Experts needed to help businesses with nature integration, report finds 80% of business respondents are turning to experts when seeking to integrate nature into their organisation, a new report finds. The report, White paper: integrating nature into business decision-making, sets out the results of a survey of more than 170 sustainability professionals who were asked about drivers for action on nature, challenges faced when integrating nature into business-decisions, and how these can be overcome. The report finds that that the main drivers for action on nature are adapting to and preparing for policy and legal changes and avoiding reputational damage (88% and 84%, respectively), and that supply chain analysis and designing targets for nature are the main challenges when integrating nature into business decision-making. The report can be downloaded here. UN Pact for the Future World leaders have adopted a Pact for the Future that includes a Global Digital Compact and a Declaration on Future Generations (A/RES/79/1). The 42-page Pact covers a broad range of themes including peace and security, sustainable development, climate change, digital cooperation, human rights, gender, youth and future generations, and the transformation of global governance. The report challenges the leaders of the 193 member nations of the UN to turn promises into real actions that make a difference to the world.  The pact was adopted at the opening of the two-day “Summit for the Future” on 20-21 September called by UN Secretary General Antonio Gutérres. A new taskforce for fairer societies   A new taskforce has launched that aims to incentivize business and financial practices create fairer, stronger societies and economies. The Taskforce on Inequality and Social-related Financial Disclosures (TISFD) is a global initiative to develop recommendations and guidance for businesses and financial institutions to understand and report on impacts, dependencies, risks, and opportunities related to people. Officially launched in September 2024, the taskforce has been described as the “missing piece” of the puzzle, which will build on the work of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) and the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures (TNFD). September 2024.   Technical update See Technical updates from the Professional Accounting team at Chartered Accountants Ireland: Sue Lloyd, Vice-Chair of the International Sustainability Standards Board, spoke at the World Standard-setters Conference in London on 23 September 2024. The ISSB Update, summarising the September 2024 International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) meeting, has been issued.    Articles Comment: The Global Goals are a litmus test for human progress, and we are failing. Here’s how to get back on track (Reuters) Analysis: UK must spend £1.7bn more on nature by 2026 to meet climate-finance goal (Carbon Brief) The great green business rethink is finally happening - an overdue push to reshape markets, not just individual companies, is under way at last (Financial Times) The climate crisis and Budget 2025: Big spend and strategic focus undermined by bottlenecks(Irish Times) Switzerland is redrawing parts of its border with Italy because of land changes due to glaciers melting (and with France, for reasons linked to transport and rivers) (SWI) Harm to nature is unavoidable and we need a plethora of solutions to right our wrongs (SustainableViews – pay-per-view) California Sues Exxon Over Plastics Pollution and Recycling ‘Myth’ (New York Times)   A4S International Case Competition - corporate decarbonization and a fair and just climate transition Accounting for Sustainability (A4S) has launched the 2025 A4S International Case Competition (A4SICC). This year’s case challenge asks students to focus their business skills on corporate decarbonization within the broader context of a fair and just climate transition. This year’s competition will again offer students a transformative and practical learning experience with the unique opportunity to travel to Toronto, Canada for the face-to-face finals, win a cash prize of CA$10,000 (winning team) or CA$5,000 (runner-up) and much more.   Podcasts Succession director Adam Kay is a climate advocate. You can listen to him interviewed here for Carbon Brief.   Upcoming Events   Accountancy Europe, Unpacking CSRD transposition across Europe This webinar will take stock and share insights into the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) transposition across EU Member States. Join us for this overview with experts. Speakers to be confirmed. Programme coming soon. Virtual, October 8 October 2024 (12:00 - 13:15) Brussels time Enterprise Ireland, National Biodiversity Data Centre, The Business Case for Biodiversity Business for Biodiversity Ireland lead Lucy Gaffney will join the Sustainable Enterprise webinar series for a talk on The Business Case for Biodiversity. How businesses impact on nature and how businesses are dependent on nature will be discussed, as well as how businesses can improve their positive impacts and reduce their negative impacts on nature.  Webinar, October 9, 2024, 1-2pm, Trinity College Dublin, What does economics have to do with nature? What does economics have to do with nature? What is the natural capital approach? Why do we need an economic approach to climate change risks?  Come and hear answers to these questions and more from Ece Ozdemiroglu, environmental  economist, founder & CEO of EFTEC (Economics for the Environment) In person, Oct 14, 2024 at 6:00 PM   Wall Street Green, Wall Street Green Digital Summit Date: Oct 15th Location: Online UN Global Compact Network Ireland, Virtual Open House: Exploring the UN Global Compact & the Network for Ireland Are you interested in learning more about the world’s largest corporate sustainability initiative? Curious about how your company can play a role in advancing the UN SDGs and driving impactful change? Join the Virtual Open House on 16th October for a unique opportunity to connect with like-minded leaders and explore how we can work together to create a more sustainable and responsible future. At this webinar you’ll gain insights into the value of engaging with the UN Global Compact and the soon-to-be-launched Network for Ireland. - Overview of the UN Global Compact and its Ten Principles - Benefits of joining the UN Global Compact for your business - Introduction to the new Ireland Network and how it can support your sustainability goals Online, 16 October, 3:30- 4:30pm Environmental Finance, Sustainability Data EMEA Date: Oct 17th Location: London Environment Ireland, Environment Conference Environment Ireland® is Ireland’s major environmental policy and management conference. Now in its 20th year, this important event features a range of focused sessions highlighting the pressing issues facing the environment in Ireland and further afield. In person, Croke Park, 17 October   Derry City and Strabane District Council, The Sustainable Climate Conference 2024 This event will unite national leaders, policymakers, scientists, industry experts, and community leaders to address the pressing challenges presented by climate change, sustainability, biodiversity loss, and the preservation of our natural environment for the betterment of all citizens and communities. In person, Guildhall Square Londonderry BT48 7BB United Kingdom, Thursday, October 17 · 9:30am - 12:45pm   Convention on Biological Diversity, COP16 Date: Oct 21-Nov 1 Location: Colombia Chartered Accountants Ireland ESG Masterclass: Take your sustainability knowledge to the next level (ROI/NI) Masterclass designed for all professional accountants working in business or practice, wishing to consolidate their knowledge and understanding of the sustainability regulatory, reporting and assurance landscape. 24 October, 08:30 – 12.00, Virtual   IAFA & IAASA  Integrating Sustainability Reporting and Assurance into Accounting Education Conference The conference is a collaboration between IAFA and the Irish Auditing and Accounting Supervisory Authority (IAASA) and aims to build awareness of the implications of sustainability reporting & assurance for accounting education, and to foster meaningful dialogue & collaboration among stakeholders to drive positive change. It will explore: Challenges and opportunities facing accounting education in the context of sustainability reporting and assurance, Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) and its implications for accounting education, Future skills for sustainability reporting and assurance, Strategies for enhancing accounting education and student skills development. In person, 1 November, Maynooth University   Accountancy Europe, Shaping the future of sustainability assurance engagements Join Accountancy Europe and the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) to discuss the latest developments in the world of sustainability assurance. In this webinar, you will hear insights from the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB), the Committee of European Auditing Oversight Bodies (CEAOB) and the Nordic Federation of Accountants. Virtual, 12 November, 15.00-16.45 (Brussels Time)   iQuest & Business Post, ESG Autumn Summit Date: Nov 20th Location: Croke Park     Network for Chartered Accountants working on ESG projects Are you a Chartered Accountant working in ESG or working on ESG-related projects? Would you like an opportunity to engage with other Chartered Accountants working in this space to share insights, challenges and opportunities? Chartered Accountants Ireland now has a network to allow members working in sustainability/ESG to meet and discuss all matters of interest re ESG and accounting. Next meeting: Wednesday, 23 October, 14:00-15.30 Zoom If you would like to attend, please email sustainability@charteredaccountants.ie     You can find information, guidance and supports to understand sustainability and meet the challenges it presents in our online Sustainability Centre.  

IAASA has updated the auditing standards to reflect the conforming amendments required due to the revision of ISA (Ireland) 600, Audits of Group Financial Statements (Including the Work of Component Auditors) in February 2023. The revised standard is effective for financial periods beginning on or after 15 December 2023. The standards that have been updated to reflect the conforming amendments are: ISA (Ireland) 220, Quality Management for an Audit of Financial Statements ISA (Ireland) 230, Audit Documentation ISA (Ireland) 240, The Auditor’s Responsibilities Relating to Fraud in an Audit of Financial Statements ISA (Ireland) 250, Section A – Consideration of Laws and Regulations in an Audit of Financial Statements ISA (Ireland) 260, Communication with Those Charged with Governance ISA (Ireland) 300, Planning an Audit of Financial Statements ISA (Ireland) 315, Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement ISA (Ireland) 320, Materiality in Planning and Performing an Audit ISA (Ireland) 402, Audit Considerations Relating to an Entity Using a Service Organization ISA (Ireland) 501, Audit Evidence - Specific Considerations for Selected Items ISA (Ireland) 510, Initial Audit Engagements—Opening Balances ISA (Ireland) 550, Related Parties ISA (Ireland) 610, Using the Work of Internal Auditors ISA (Ireland) 700, Forming an Opinion and Reporting on Financial Statements ISA (Ireland) 701, Communicating Key Audit Matters in the Independent Auditor’s Report ISA (Ireland) 705, Modifications to the Opinion in the Independent Auditor’s Report ISA (Ireland) 706, Emphasis of Matter Paragraphs and Other Matter Paragraphs in the Independent Auditor’s Report ISA (Ireland) 710, Comparative Information— Corresponding Figures and Comparative Financial Statements ISA (Ireland) 720, The Auditor’s Responsibilities Relating to Other Information ISA (Ireland) 805, Special Considerations – Audits of Single Financial Statements and Specific Elements, Accounts or Items of a Financial Statement ISQM (Ireland) 2, Engagement Quality Reviews In addition, ISQM (Ireland) 1 was updated in September to reflect both the conforming amendments arising from ISA (Ireland) 600 and the requirements of the Corporate Sustainability Directive. The updated standards are available on IAASA’s website.

In addition to the targeted VAT supports announced under the banner of cost of living and supporting climate action, the VAT registration thresholds will also increase for a second year in a row. The flat rate compensation for farmers who are not registered or required to register for VAT will also increase.  VAT registration thresholds   From 1 January 2025, the VAT registration thresholds will increase from €40,000 for services to €42,500, and from €80,000 to €85,000 for goods. The increases aim to ensure that small businesses remain below these thresholds and do not have to register. The full year cost of the increases is estimated to be €15 million.  Farmer’s flat rate compensation  The flat rate compensation for farmers will increase from 4.8 percent to 5.1 percent from 1 January 2025.  The flat-rate compensation scheme is a special scheme for farmers who are not registered, or required to register, for VAT. The scheme is designed to compensate flat-rate farmers for the VAT they incur on farming costs without having to register for VAT. 

A range of measures to further the transition to an ever “greener” economy were also announced which included the expected €7.50 increase to carbon tax, a reduced VAT rate for heat pumps, and a new benefit in kind exemption for electric vehicle charging facilities.   Carbon tax   The rate per tonne of carbon dioxide emitted for petrol and diesel will increase from €56.00 to €63.50 from 9 October as per the trajectory set out in the Finance Act 2020. This increase will be applied to all other fuels with effect from 1 May 2025.   Emissions based Vehicle Registration Tax (VRT) for Category B Vehicles   An emissions-based approach to VRT for category B commercial vehicles is being introduced. This proposal will introduce a lower 8 percent rate for category B vehicles with CO2 emission of less than 120 grams per kilometre with a view to incentivising uptake of these lower emissions vehicles.  The weight carriage ratio for electric commercial vehicles is also being changed to enable them to qualify for the VRT rate of €200.  VAT rate on the supply and installation of heat pumps  Following amendments in the VAT Directive it is possible to apply a reduced VAT rate on heat pumps meeting specific technical standards. A VAT reduction to 9 percent for heat pumps is proposed from 1 January 2025 to incentivise homeowners to install heat pumps.  Accelerated Capital Allowances: gas and hydrogen vehicles  The Accelerated Capital Allowances scheme for gas and hydrogen-powered vehicles and refuelling equipment provides a tax incentive for companies and unincorporated businesses who invest in such vehicles and equipment for the purposes of their trade. The relief will be extended for a further year, to 31 December 2025, to allow the Department of Transport time to review the climate policy objectives underlying the scheme and to determine its future trajectory.  Benefit In Kind (BIK) treatment of Battery Electric Vehicle home chargers  A BIK exemption is being provided in circumstances where an employer incurs an expense in connection with the provision of a facility for the electric charging of vehicles at the home of a director or employee.  Emission thresholds for vehicle capital allowances  The CO2 thresholds for claiming capital allowances on business cars are being adjusted downward in light of improved vehicle emissions standards.   From 1 January 2027, an expenditure of €24,000 will be allowable for cars with CO2 emissions of 0-120g/km. A reduced amount of €12,000 will be allowable for vehicles with CO2 emissions of 121-140g/km. There will be no allowable expenditure for vehicles with emissions >141g/km. 

The announcements featured a range of supports in recognition of the importance of agriculture and the agri-food sector in the economy.   Accelerated Capital Allowances: Farm Safety Equipment  Accelerated capital allowances for expenditure incurred by farmers on certain farm safety equipment, and adaptive equipment for farmers with disabilities are available at 50 percent per annum over two years for eligible equipment.   Under Budget 2025, this measure is being broadened to allow for relief in respect of expenditure by famers on certain Targeted Agriculture Modernisation Schemes (TAMS).   Stock Reliefs   Stock reliefs are given as a deduction from trading income and are available in respect of the computation of farming profits. Subject to meeting certain conditions, a person carrying on the trade of farming is entitled to a stock relief deduction for an accounting period in which there is an increase in the value of the trading stock of the farming trade over the accounting period.   The following three stock reliefs, which were due to expire on 31 December 2024, are now being extended for a further three years to 31 December 2027:   General Stock Relief,   Young Trained Farmer Stock Relief, and   Stock Relief for Registered Farm Partnerships. 

An additional €1.37 billion in funding for childcare provision and extended mortgage interest tax relief for a further year were the main features. The 9 percent rate of VAT on gas and electricity will continue until April 2025.  Childcare provision  This additional funding will support the continued implementation of the National Childcare Scheme (NCS) subsidy, the Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) programme as well providing additional allocations toward Core Funding to support employers in meeting further increases in minimum rates of pay for those working in the sector.   In addition, two double payments of Child Benefit will be made to all qualifying households before the end of the year.  Mortgage interest tax relief  Mortgage interest tax relief, which was introduced on a temporary basis in Budget 2024, is being extended by one further year. Qualifying homeowners will be eligible for the relief in respect of the increased interest paid on their mortgage in the calendar year 2024 over the calendar year 2022 at the standard rate of income tax (20 percent), capped at €1,250 per property.   There is no change to the qualifying criteria for the relief, including that qualifying homeowners must have an outstanding mortgage balance on their principal private residence of between € 80,000 and €500,000 on 31 December 2022.  9 percent VAT for gas and electricity  It is proposed to extend the 9 percent VAT rate from 1 November 2024 to 30 April 2025 to address cost of living pressures associated with the price of gas and electricity. 

The key changes announced in Budget 2025 are: Increases to tax credits and bands as well as a 1 percent reduction in the USC,  An increase in the rental tax credit to €1,000, including a retrospective increase to its level in 2024,  The first increases in the CAT group tax free thresholds since 2019,  Enhancements to some business and investor reliefs, including a change to the proposed €10 million cap on retirement relief for family transfers of businesses, The small gift exemption which allows an employer to reward employees has been enhanced to allow five non-cash gifts up to a value of €1,500 per year,  Revenue will conduct a range of targeted compliance management activities in 2025, and  Confirmation that the participation exemption for foreign sourced dividends will commence as expected from 1 January 2025.  The Institute has a webpage dedicated to Budget 2025 where you can find further information. 

Budget 2025 saw the announcement of a series of tax measures to benefit both prospective buyers in addition to renters, alongside the announcement of €1.25 billion in additional funding to accelerate the building of new homes by the Land Development Agency. Stamp duty rates were also increased for higher value residential properties and bulk purchases, effective from today.   Rent tax credit   The rent tax credit is being amended to increase the amount that can be claimed from €750 to €1,000 (or €2,000 in the case of a jointly assessed tax-payer unit). This increase will apply in respect of the 2025 year of assessment.  In addition, the Minister also announced in his speech that in recognition of the cost-of-living pressures facing many renters right now, the credit will also be increased in 2024 to €1,000 and €2,000 respectively.  Help To Buy scheme   The Help to Buy scheme is an income tax measure intended to assist first-time buyers with the deposit required to purchase or self-build a new house or apartment to live in as their home. The scheme will be extended for a further four years, from the end of 2025 to the end of 2029.  Vacant Homes Tax  The rate of the Vacant Homes Tax is being increased from five times to seven times a property’s existing base Local Property Tax liability. This increase will take effect from the next chargeable period, commencing 1 November 2024.  Stamp duty changes   A third rate of Stamp Duty on higher value residential properties is to apply where the value/acquisition price involved exceeds €1.5 million. A new rate of 6 percent will now apply to the element of the value above €1.5 million. This change has immediate effect with normal transitional arrangements applying to transactions in process.  The existing 1 percent rate on residential properties valued up to and including €1 million, and 2 percent on any value above €1 million but below €1.5 million will continue to apply.   In addition, the Stamp Duty rate applied where 10 or more houses are acquired in any 12-month period is being increased from 10 percent to 15 percent, again with effect from Budget night. Transitional arrangements will also apply.   Pre-letting expenses  A deduction (capped at €10,000 per premises) from rental income for certain pre-letting expenditure is already available. This relief will be extended for a further three years to 31 December 2027.  Residential Zoned Land Tax (RZLT)  The RZLT is a new tax on land both zoned for residential development, and which has the necessary services in place to develop housing. The tax is designed primarily as a behaviour changing measure and not to be a significant revenue raising measure. RZLT is an annual tax, to be calculated at 3 percent of the market value of the land in scope.   Provision was made in the Finance Act 2021 for the RZLT. Amendments to the RZLT legislation will feature in Finance Bill 2024 which will provide for a further opportunity for RZLT landowners to seek a change in zoning in 2025 to a zoning which reflects the economic activity they undertake on the land.   Legislation will also be introduced to allow for 12-month deferral of RZLT liability between the grant of planning and commencement of development, exemption during Judicial Review  Proceedings brought by a third party as well as technical amendments.   To ensure local authorities appropriately consider requests the Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage will issue guidelines to local authorities indicating that they should consider and accommodate rezoning requests where landowners seek to continue undertaking existing economic activity.   

The main measures announced were the now usual annual Budgetary increases in excise duty for tobacco products, and the expected announcement of a new duty on e-cigarettes and vaping.  The bank levy was also extended to 2025  Tobacco excise  Excise duty on tobacco products is being increased by €1, inclusive of VAT, on a pack of 20 cigarettes in the most popular price category, with pro rata increases being made on other tobacco products.   Normally such a change would take effect from midnight tonight however the Budget 2025 Financial Resolutions which would confirm this have not yet been published.  E-cigarettes  Budget 2024 set out the Government’s intention to introduce a domestic tax on e-cigarettes and vaping in this year’s Budget. The Budget confirmed today that excise duty on e-cigarettes is being introduced and will apply to all e-liquids at a rate of 50 cents per ml of e-liquid. According to the Minister for Finance’s speech, a typical disposable vape contains 2ml of e-liquid, and costs in the region of €8. This new tax will bring the price of such a product to €9.23 including VAT.   Stressing once again the operational and administrative challenges associated with this new tax, it will not commence until mid-2025 and therefore will be subject to a commencement order.  Small producers of cider and perry  The excise relief for independent small producers of cider and perry is being extended to cover what is known as other fermented beverages, which includes products such as mead and wines other than grape wine such as elderberry wine, strawberry wine etc., as well as to higher strength cider and perry.  Bank levy  A revised bank levy was introduced for 2024, and this is now being extended for one further year to apply in 2025. This applies to those banks that received financial assistance from the State during the banking crisis, (AIB, EBS, Bank of Ireland and PTSB). It is expected that estimate revenue of €200 million will be collected in 2025.  Compliance  Revenue will conduct a range of targeted compliance management activities in 2025. It is expected that additional Exchequer receipts will arise from increased taxpayer compliance in a range of economic areas. The yield form this is estimated to be €70 million. 

The Minister announced the first increases to the capital acquisitions tax (CAT) group thresholds since October 2019. In addition, a range of changes and enhancements are being made to retirement relief, the new angel investor capital gains tax (CGT) relief, and the reliefs for investments in corporate trades, whilst the active farmer test for CAT agricultural relief is being extended to the disponer.  CAT thresholds  Increases to the three group thresholds for gifts or inheritances will apply as follows:  Group A from €335,000 to €400,000,  Group B from €32,500 to €40,000, and  Group C from €16,250 to €20,000.  For CAT purposes, the relationship between the person giving a gift/inheritance (the disponer) and the person who receives it (the beneficiary) determines the maximum amount (the “group threshold”) below which CAT does not arise. The standard rate of CAT remains unchanged at 33% in respect of gifts and inheritances taken on or after 6 December 2012.   CAT agricultural relief (AR)  The six-year active farmer test for the purposes of CAT agricultural relief is extended to the disponer and requires the donor to meet the six-year active farmer test in order for the beneficiary to benefit from AR. This narrows the relief to benefit farmers and safeguard AR for the genuine active farmer and the next generation of farmers. No date has been given for this change.  CGT retirement relief  Finance Act 2023 increased the age parameters (the upper age limit was extended from aged 65 until 70 and the reduced relief available on disposals from age 66 onwards was increased to age 70). It also introduced a cap on retirement relief of €10 million on the relief available up to age 70 for disposals to a child which is expected to take effect from 1 January 2025.  Finance Act 2024 will retain the increased upper age limit and introduce a clawback period of 12 years for the relief available on disposals over €10 million, after which the CGT will be abated.   These changes aim to ensure that the intergenerational transfer of Irish family businesses continues to be supported by the tax system. According to the Budget publications, this is estimated to cost €15 million in a full year.  CGT angel investor relief  This relief was announced in Budget 2024 and is targeted at encouraging business angel investment in innovative start-ups by offering a reduced CGT rate of 16 percent/18 percent for individuals and partnerships. The relief is due to commence “shortly” according to the Budget publications. However, it is now proposed to increase the lifetime limit on gains, on which the reduced rate of Capital Gains Tax applies, from the €3 million originally announced in Budget 2024 to €10 million.  This new relief will be available to an individual who invests in an innovative start-up small and medium enterprise (SME) for a period of at least 3 years. The investment by the individual must be in the form of fully paid-up newly issued shares costing at least €10,000 and constituting between 5 percent and 49 percent of the ordinary issued share capital of the company.  The scheme will include a certification process, which will be conducted by Enterprise Ireland to ensure the relief is targeted at innovative SMEs that can demonstrate financial viability and compliance with the requirements of the EU General Block Exemption Regulation.  Qualifying investors will be able to avail of an effective reduced rate of CGT of 16 percent (or 18 percent if through a partnership), on a gain up to twice the value of their initial investment.  There will now be an increased lifetime limit of €10 million on gains to which the reduced rate of CGT will apply.  Relief for investment in corporate trades  Following a tax expenditure review, the Employment Investment Incentive (EII), Start-Up Relief for Entrepreneurs (SURE) and the Start-Up Capital Incentive (SCI) are to be extended for a further two years to 31 December 2025.   The limit on the amount that an investor can claim relief on for EII investments will be increased from €500,000 to €1,000,000. And it is proposed to increase the relief available to a maximum of €140,000 per year (€980,000 over 7 years) for SURE investments. 

Enhancements to the research and development (R&D) tax credit, and start-up relief for companies were the main features. A new corporation tax relief is to be introduced for expenses incurred on an initial stock market listing. And, as expected, the new participation exemption for foreign sourced dividends will commence from 1 January 2025.   R&D tax credit  The R&D tax credit remains an important feature of the corporation tax (CT) system and provides a 30 percent tax credit for qualifying R&D expenditure. The regime’s primary policy objective is to increase business R&D in Ireland, as R&D contributes to higher innovation and productivity. More broadly, the tax credit forms part of Ireland’s CT offering and is aimed at attracting FDI and building an innovation-driven domestic enterprise sector. The credit enables Ireland to remain competitive in attracting quality employment and investment in R&D.  Given its importance, it is proposed to increase the first-year payment threshold from €50,000 to €75,000. This threshold is the amount up to which a claim can be paid in full in the first year, rather than being paid in instalments over three years. The increase should therefore provide valuable cash-flow support to companies undertaking smaller R&D projects or engaging with the credit for the first time.   It is estimated, based on 2022 claims (the latest data available), that increasing the payment threshold to €75,000 will increase, to circa 44 percent, the proportion of claimant companies qualifying for payment of the credit in full in the first year.  Section 486C start up relief  Section 486C start up relief currently provides a CT relief for new small companies in the first five years of trading with an annual CT liability of less than €40,000. Marginal relief is available to Companies with a CT liability of between €40,000 and €60,000 to ensure companies with a liability just over €40,000 do not lose the full value of the relief. Section 486C allows relief of up to €40,000 per year against CT liabilities, which may be carried forward where not fully used in the five years. The relief is currently calculated by reference to employer PRSI paid of up to €5,000 per employee. This does not encompass PRSI paid by owner-directors.   This measure proposes to extend the qualifying criteria to allow up to €1,000 of Class S PRSI per individual to count toward this cap and aims to provide much needed support for small, owner-managed start-up companies.  Participation exemption  As noted earlier, the participation exemption for foreign dividends which will provide for a significant simplification of double tax relief for Irish companies with foreign subsidiaries will commence from 1 January 2025 as expected. Further details of this measure are set out in in Chapter 8 of the Budget 2025 Tax Policy changes publication.   Relief for listing expenses  A new measure is to be introduced which will provide relief for expenses incurred on an initial stock market listing. This measure aims to support businesses in the scale-up phase of their growth and development and should also encourage more stock exchange listings, whilst also providing wider positive benefits for the Irish economy.   The deduction will be available for expenses incurred wholly and exclusively on a first listing (IPO) on a recognised stock exchange in Ireland or the EU/EEA area. The relief will be available to investment companies as an expense of management, or to trading companies as a trading deduction.  An overall cap of €1 million of expenses per listing will apply, with the relief being claimable by a company in the year of first successful listing. Expenses wholly and exclusively incurred for the purposes of the listing, both in the year of listing and the previous three years, will be allowable, subject to the overall €1 million cap. The measure will apply for successful listings completed on or after 1 January 2025.