When it comes to sustainability, the problem is not that there are no standards. Rather, there are too many of them, writes Dr Brian Keegan. In the current abnormal news cycle, something has to be really strange to stand out. One such item in October was a report that UK authorities were to permit the opening of a coal mine in the north-east of England. This runs counter to most of the prevailing trends. True, the rehabilitation of coal was an element of Donald Trump’s first presidential campaign, but that has not prevented its decline in the US in favour of cleaner natural gas and more sustainable sources like wind and solar. Coal from this new British mine is not for energy production. It is apparently to be used in the manufacture of steel. It is also being used in the manufacture of jobs for the impoverished north-east. Job creation tends to rattle sustainability priorities and seems to have been the consideration that swayed the local council into granting permission. The incident does highlight, however, the elusiveness of sustainability because “Decent Work and Economic Growth” is Goal 8 of the 17 sustainability goals promoted by the United Nations. While these goals have garnered considerable traction in the sustainability debate, having 17 goals impedes progress because, in practice, the goals can be contradictory. Goal 13, for example, is “Climate Action”, which is at right angles to opening coal mines in some quarters. This vagueness has conflated the sustainability debate with the already nebulous concept of corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility should be looked upon with suspicion. All too often, HR initiatives to boost staff morale, marketing initiatives claiming green credentials for a particular product or service, or even support for the pet charity of the chief executive are folded in under an ersatz comfort blanket of social responsibility. Claiming sustainable practices or having corporate social responsibility champions won’t cut it. There has to be a concerted drive to come up with broadly acceptable standards to measure genuine corporate progress on sustainability issues. The current problem is not that there are no standards, but rather, that there are too many of them. The current custodians of standards- and ethics-setting, the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC), recently proposed that a new sustainability standards board be established, which would exist alongside the IASB under the IFRS Foundation. This new sustainability standards board should pull together existing expertise and the work of some existing sustainability reporting initiatives. The resulting framework could then be passed to the International Audit and Accounting Standards Board to develop the best assurance processes. This IFAC initiative differs from many other governance initiatives. Too often in the past, ‘solutions’ were provided, for which there was no demand. One of the legacies of this pandemic will be a greater awareness of sustainable practices.  There is demand from investors for comparable and dependable data on environmental, social and governance factors and this form of reporting offers a value-added opportunity for accountants. On the other hand, the initiative carries the risk of becoming hijacked by environmental activism, leading to reporting requirements that would fail a cost/benefit analysis within the SME sector. Earlier this year, Harvard Business Review suggested that the chief financial officer should become the most prominent climate activist in their organisation. There is still some distance to go before this becomes a reality, but in an era when western governments are contemplating opening coal mines, nothing can be ruled out. Dr Brian Keegan is Director of Advocacy & Voice at Chartered Accountants Ireland.

Welcome to a new edition of Accountancy Ireland, the last in what has been an extraordinarily difficult year for most. The best-laid plans made last December are by now  unrecognisable after months spent adapting to shifting realities. Chartered Accountants Ireland started the year with the presumption that Brexit would be the main issue for members in their external environment. Although a global pandemic overshadowed it, the Institute has worked throughout the year to support members on Brexit-related matters and to advocate on their behalf. As we approach the end of the Brexit transition period, our events and updates have continued. We recently opened registration for the third intake of students for our Certificate in Customs and Trade and, in the final quarter of the year, launched a new Brexit Digest e-newsletter full of practical guidance for businesses in Ireland and Northern Ireland. In recognition of Chartered Accountants’ critical role in driving the sustainability agenda, the Institute also recently published the Sustainability for Accountants guide, along with a Sustainability Hub on our website. The fight against climate change is now a corporate imperative. Moving our gaze west, Americans have gone to the polls and the New Year will bring a new administration. In this edition, we look ahead to what the next four years might bring. Change is also afoot in global tax, and Accountancy Ireland looks at the OECD’s proposed reform of the global digital and corporation tax system. Closer to home again, the Institute has endeavoured to respond quickly and effectively to meet the needs of members during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our primary focus has been on providing timely, helpful and practical support to members as they serve their clients and steer their organisations. As an educator, we are acutely aware of the challenges facing students during these months. Our education provision has evolved dramatically over the last year and our CAP1, CAP2 and FAE programmes successfully launched on our new online education platform. Producing the highest-calibre finance professionals is more important than ever for our economy. This festive season will be very different, but I’d like to wish members and students a peaceful, safe and enjoyable Christmas. For those who find themselves in particular difficulty, remember that assistance is available from CA Support. You can find details on our website. Thank you to the committees, volunteers, management and staff of the Institute for their efforts during 2020. I hope that we can make a return to a more normal way of life in the New Year. Paul Henry President

Irish stories this week cover the Revenue Chairman’s appearance before the Public Accounts Committee. The Chairman responded to questions relating to bogus self-employment claims, the tone of Revenue engagement and difficulties facing the self-employed and SME sector in meeting their tax obligations due to COVID-19. In UK developments, HMRC has set out its policy on the tax treatment of virtual Christmas parties, and read HMRC’s updates including COVID-19 compliance checks. While in international tax, the OECD published a report on the activities and achievements in the OECD’s international tax agenda for the G20 leaders.       Ireland Revenue chairman, Niall Cody, appeared before the Public Accounts Committee last week, responding to questions on bogus self-employment claims, the tone of Revenue engagement and the difficulties facing the self-employed and SME sector in meeting their tax obligations due to COVID-19; The CCAB-I made further representations to the Minister for Finance highlighting concerns on the impact of the transfer pricing provisions contained in Finance Bill 2020, which were not abated in Committee Stage Amendments; UK Read about HMRC’s policy on the tax treatment of Christmas parties and what to do if you pay employees early in December; Key messages from recent HMRC meetings are available including important updates on compliance work in respect of COVID-19 supports; and   International The OECD published a report outlining the activities and achievements in the OECD’s international tax agenda for the G20 leaders.

Revenue confirmed the Covid Restrictions Support Scheme (CRSS) e-Registration facility in ROS opened at the start of this week. Eligible businesses, or tax agents acting on their behalf, are encouraged to register for the scheme now. Revenue confirmed that the CRSS is a separate tax head for registration purposes so agents will need to organise an agent link form. Up to date tax clearance is also required for registration.  Updated guidance on the CRSS also issued on Tuesday.  To register for CRSS, in addition to having tax clearance, an eligible business must:make a declaration that it meets the eligibility criteria for the scheme, and provide the information listed in paragraph 3.1 of the CRSS guidelines.Turnover details provided as part of the registration process must be consistent with the information included in the relevant tax returns of the business. This will be validated against the information already held on Revenue systems. The updated guidance confirms that a partnership can be registered for CRSS by the precedent partner, on behalf of the partnership. The precedent partner will need to register for the CRSS under the tax reference number of the partnership trade. Registration is the first step for a business in accessing the scheme. The next step is making a claim; the claims portal will be available in mid-November.The Revenue press release provides further details on the CRSS registration facility. 

Irish stories this week cover the publication of TWSS employers on the Revenue website and the reduced VAT rate for the tourism and hospitality sector, as provided for in Budget 2021, is now in effect. In UK developments, the UK Government extended the furlough scheme to March and increased the Self-Employed Income Support Scheme. While in international tax, the European Commission has extended the relief from customs duties and VAT on the importation of personal protective equipment and medical equipment from outside the EU and is proposing further VAT reliefs for hospitals and medical practitioners. IrelandRevenue published the names and addresses of employers who availed of the TWSS last week;The VAT rate for the tourism and hospitality sector reduced from 13.5 percent to 9 percent on 1 November;UK The UK Government has just announced that workers across the United Kingdom will benefit from increased support with a five-month extension of the furlough scheme into Spring 2021. The Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS) will now run until the end of March with employees receiving 80 percent of their current salary for hours not worked.  Similarly, support for workers through the Self-Employment Income Support Scheme (SEISS) will be increased, with the third grant covering November to January calculated at 80 percent of average trading profits, up to a maximum of £7,500.  For further details see here. InternationalThe European Commission announced an extension to the relief from customs duties and VAT on the importation of PPE and medical equipment from Third Countries. A new proposal for relief from VAT on vaccines and testing kits for COVID-19 for hospitals and medical practitioners is also included.   

Our top Irish stories this week include a review of the provisions contained in Finance Bill 2020 for the COVID Restrictions Support Scheme and the warehousing of income tax debt. In the UK, the UK Government announced that the Job Support Scheme will open on 1 November and run for six months, until 30 April.  While in international tax, the European Commission is seeking feedback on a new initiative to review the VAT rules for financial and insurance services. IrelandFinance Bill 2020 sets out the provisions for the  COVID Restrictions Support Scheme; The provisions relating to the warehousing of income tax debt are also considered;UK The UK Government announced that the Job Support Scheme opens on 1 November; HMRC launched a campaign to contact taxpayers who have ceased to trade and claimed the SEISS grant; andInternationalThe European Commission is seeking feedback on a new initiative to review the VAT rules for financial and insurance services.

Revenue confirmed that the Debt Warehousing Scheme remains available to businesses experiencing cashflow or trading difficulties as a result of COVID-19 restrictions, including those more recently announced. The Information Booklet on the Tax Debt Warehousing Scheme has also been updated providing details for businesses that are closed again due to the re-imposition of restrictions. In a press release, Revenue confirmed the availability of the scheme for those most recently affected by public health restrictions. It is noted that the terms of the scheme remain unchanged in the sense that access is automatic for SMEs and all relevant tax returns for the restricted trading period must be filed. The new paragraph 4.10 of the Information Booklet provides: “In these circumstances the trade is deemed to be still subject to the restrictions provided for in the regulations under sections 5 and 31A Health Act 1947 until it has re-opened again. This means that VAT and PAYE (Employer) debts for such businesses can continue to be warehoused in respect of the extended restricted period(s)”. Additional examples have also been included in the booklet.

Revenue extended the deadline from 30 September to 31 October for taxpayers wishing to enter into a phased payment arrangement (PPA) to avail of the reduced interest rate (3 percent) on outstanding ‘non-COVID-19’ tax debts. Chartered Accountants Ireland requested an extension to the deadline in a letter to the Revenue chairman, Niall Cody. As confirmed in a Revenue eBrief, the extended deadline allows for taxpayers and their accountants to finalise a PPA covering non-COVID-19 tax debt in respect of liabilities due by 30 September 2020. Revenue confirmed the extension to the deadline in a press release on Wednesday evening, which noted the challenges that taxpayers and their agents are experiencing at this time. Over €46 million of tax debt is now covered by a PPA to which the reduced interest rate applies. Collector General, Joe Howley …” strongly encouraged the uptake of this opportunity and of the extended deadline that now applies”. Where a PPA is in place, a business will qualify for tax clearance, which may allow access to the EWSS and other schemes. Revenue confirmed to Chartered Accountants Ireland that a reduced interest rate PPA would be available for a 2019 income tax liability, where preliminary tax was underpaid in 2019. As the due date for the full liability reverts to the date the preliminary tax was due (i.e. 31 October 2019) the liability is due before 30 September 2020. Accrued interest at the full rate from 31 October 2019 to the date of the PPA applies in such a scenario. The Revenue information booklet provides detailed information on the reduced interest rate on non-COVID-19 tax debt. 

The TWSS reconciliation process and the requirement to report the subsidy paid amount to Revenue before 31 October 2020 features as our top Irish story this week. Revenue has also provided details on how payments received under the TWSS and PUP will be taxed.  In the UK, was the Chancellor’s Winter Economy Plan a trick or treat, and what’s new with HMRC? While in international tax, the OECD has published a report on BEPS Action 13 Country by Country Reporting.      IrelandTWSS reconciliation process – employers are required to report the actual subsidy paid to employees to Revenue before 31 October 2020; A Revenue press release sets out details on how payments received under the TWSS and PUP will be taxed;UK Was the Chancellor’s Winter Economy Plan a trick or treat? Read more on the tax measures announced last week; What’s new with HMRC? We set out some takeaways from a recent meeting; andInternationalProgress on transparency, the OECD has published a report on the BEPS Action 13 Country by Country Reporting. 

Suzie Arbuthnot ACA, the winner of BBC’s Best Home Cook, discusses life as a parent, entrepreneur, and TV presenter.Earlier this year, you were crowned BBC’s Best Home Cook, how did that come about?Back in 2017, I entered the Great British Bake Off. I was first reserve and was devastated when I didn’t get called up. One of my friends told me to enter this other food programme, and so I did. A few days later, I had a phone interview and then a face-to-face meeting in Northern Ireland, where I had to make a savoury and a sweet dish. I was then flown to London to replicate the three stages you see on the show and, as they say, the rest is history!You recorded the show while setting up your own business. What was that experience like?I became self-employed on 1 February 2019 and I flew to London at the very beginning of March to start filming Best Home Cook. I was completely stressed because I wasn’t bringing in an income, but my husband said: “You have worked so hard for this opportunity, you can’t give up now!” So, having won the title and trophy plate, I had to return to normal life and not tell a soul. It was an agonising nine months. I set up my own practice by following the straightforward steps set by Chartered Accountants Ireland. I was extremely fortunate that my old firm (PGR Accountants, Belfast) referred a piece of work to me, and that got me started.What would you describe as your greatest challenge or achievement to date?I used to say: “finally qualifying as Chartered Accountant”, as it took me eight years. I never gave up, and I knew I could do it. I was able to have my family, have my children, and just enjoy life. I don’t regret a moment of it at all. However, I think winning a UK-wide cooking competition and now presenting my own food-focused TV show, Suzie Lee’s Home Cook Heroes, is pretty amazing!What’s the most valuable lesson you’ve learned?Have faith in yourself in whatever you do, as others are quick to knock you down. This has been true in all areas of my life, so be kind to everyone you meet, treat them the way you would like to be treated, and have no regrets.What do we most need in this world?We need to learn how to switch off. I am a huge culprit, but we are too connected these days – attached to our phones, tablets and laptops. The art of social interaction is starting to wane right in front of our eyes, and it’s all down to our devices.How do you recharge?I love keeping busy, but I get my energy from spending time with family, cooking, going to the gym, playing hockey for Lisnagarvey Hockey Club, and singing with Lisburn Harmony Ladies Choir.

While it might be difficult to find a new job in the current market, it's not impossible. Niamh Collins outlines five key considerations that will put you in the best position to move on in your career. The disruption to employment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has been severe. From hiring freezes to the Employment Wage Subsidy Scheme to remote working and the tough decision of making redundancies, 2020 has been a year like no other for almost every industry. At the end of July, CSO data showed the COVID-19 adjusted unemployment rate as 16.7% across Ireland – the effects disproportionately spread across younger generations with 41% of 16-25-year-olds out of work compared to 14% for those aged 25-74 years. The employment market is not universally challenged. Despite the economic pressure and instability, there are organisations that need your knowledge, skills and experience. Whatever your reasons for looking for a new role, there are five key considerations which will put you in a better position to get a great job in a challenged market. 1. Be bold with your networking Contacts are invaluable. It’s important to stay in touch with as many people as possible – suppliers, customers, old colleagues and clients. Maintaining these relationships will stand you in good stead because the individuals could provide precious information when it comes to job opportunities, offer useful advice or guidance and even act as a reference when necessary.  Beyond your existing contacts, you can also actively seek out new networking opportunities in your field. Be bold on LinkedIn and connect with plenty of relevant professionals. 2. Be thorough in your research If you have identified a vacancy or a company that you would like to work for, always be thorough in your research. Read up about the business; the values, what they do, who their clients are, and also find out the names of the managers and as much about their careers as you can. Not only will this allow you to address any communications to a specific individual within a department, but it will help you create a better picture of the organisation as a whole.  3. Be flexible about your requirements While you may want the security and stability offered by a permanent job, have you considered pursuing a contract role? The flexibility of hiring a contractor is an attractive prospect for organisations at present. Also, it could be beneficial to weigh-up your salary expectations, especially if (as with many industries) you are able to work remotely. Regularly working from home will save monthly commuting costs and, therefore, lowering your pay demands accordingly (while being sure not to undersell yourself) could increase your attractiveness to employers and might be the difference between being hired or not.  4. Be open to partnering with a recruitment agency Eliciting the assistance of a specialist recruitment agency is a straightforward way to give your job-hunting efforts a boost. It will save you time, give you access to their extensive network of industry contacts, offer a wide range of opportunities that are often not advertised on job search sites and they have the inside line on knowing exactly what hiring organisations are looking for. 5. Be ready to clear your diary and move fast If you are serious about moving jobs, arguably the most important thing to remember is to be ready to act fast as things can change rapidly. Be prepared to clear gaps in your diary so that you can take calls or attend meetings, virtual or otherwise, at short notice.  Clearly explain what your requirements are from the outset and have references ready to go. When markets are difficult and hiring organisations may be looking for its new employee to start at a short turnaround, they will want a quick response if you do get offered a job.  Despite these unusual times, careers are being progressed. Your next role could be a couple of meetings away, but it will require focus, determination and input from you to make it happen. Niamh Collins is Associate Director of Finance & Accounting at Morgan McKinley.

David Duffy discusses recent Irish and EU VAT developments.Irish VAT updatesVAT rate decreaseAs most readers already know, the standard rate of Irish VAT has been reduced from 23% to 21% for the period from 1 September 2020 to 28 February 2021. We expect that most businesses will already have made the necessary changes to their systems and processes to apply the new rate to affected transactions from 1 September 2020 onwards. However, when preparing your September/October VAT return in November, it may be helpful to check that the new rate has been correctly applied. Some of the points to check may include:Has the new VAT rate been correctly applied to your sales? The tax point and corresponding VAT rate for your sales may differ depending on whether the sale was to another business or consumer, whether you operate the invoice or cash-receipts basis of accounting for VAT, and whether a payment was received in advance of the supply. The Revenue Tax and Duty Manual on changes in rates of VAT, available on the Revenue website, provides further guidance on how to apply these rules.Has the appropriate VAT rate been applied to purchase invoices received in the period?Has the appropriate VAT rate been applied to credit notes issued or received during the period? In general, the VAT rate applied to the credit note should match the VAT rate applied to the invoice to which the credit note relates.Does VAT charged at the new rate correctly map to the appropriate general ledger accounts and is it correctly captured in your VAT reports for the period?Extension of COVID-19 reliefsRevenue has confirmed an extension of a number of temporary, indirect tax reliefs introduced earlier this year to help combat COVID-19. These reliefs were originally due to expire on 31 July 2020, but have now been extended until 31 October 2020, subject to further review. The temporary reliefs include:The zero-rate of VAT applies to personal protective equipment (PPE), thermometers, medical ventilators, hand sanitiser, and oxygen when supplied to the HSE, hospitals, nursing homes, care homes and GP practices for use in providing COVID-19-related healthcare services. Relief from import VAT and customs duties applies to the import of medical goods to combat COVID-19 by or on behalf of State organisations, disaster relief agencies and other organisations approved by Revenue, and which are provided free of charge for these purposes. No VAT clawback will arise for the owner of a property used to provide emergency accommodation to the State, HSE or other State agencies in order to combat COVID-19. EU VAT updatesDeferral of VAT e-commerce rulesThe EU has recently agreed to defer the introduction of significant changes to the EU VAT rules for e-commerce transactions from 1 January 2021 to 1 July 2021. The deferral was in response to potential challenges of meeting the 1 January 2021 deadline for tax authorities and businesses as a result of COVID-19. While this deferral gives businesses more time to prepare, it is important for businesses that will be impacted by the changes to begin their preparations. Businesses which will be most affected include retailers with online stores, online platforms and marketplaces which facilitate sales of goods to consumers, and postal and logistics operators which handle imports of goods on behalf of retailers or consumers. A brief summary of the changes coming into effect on 1 July 2021 is set out below. The current domestic VAT registration thresholds for cross-border business to consumer (B2C) sales of goods in each EU member state will be abolished. As a result, a retailer selling goods to consumers in other EU member states will be obliged to charge VAT at the appropriate rate in the member state to which the goods are shipped regardless of their value, subject to a very limited exception where the value of sales to consumers across all EU member states is less than €10,000 per year. The VAT payable to tax authorities in other member states on these sales can be remitted through a quarterly One Stop Shop (OSS) registration rather than requiring an overseas VAT registration. VAT will apply to all goods imported into the EU, at the appropriate rate in the EU country of import, regardless of their value. This is as a result of the abolition of the import VAT relief for low-value consignments with a value of up to €22. This is likely to significantly increase the volume of packages imported on which VAT must be paid. To help facilitate the payment of VAT, the retailer or, in certain cases, the online marketplace facilitating the sale can charge the VAT at the time of sale and pay this VAT to the tax authority in the country of import through a new Import One Stop Shop (IOSS). This return would be filed, and related VAT paid, on a monthly basis. However, this will only apply to imported consignments with a value of up to €150. Packages above that value will be subject to import VAT and customs duty in the normal way at the time of import. An online marketplace that facilitates sales of goods to consumers will be deemed to have purchased and resold those goods in two scenarios: first, the goods are imported from outside of the EU in a consignment of up to €150; or second, the goods are sold within the EU by a retailer established outside of the EU. This will bring additional VAT collection and reporting obligations for these platforms.Additional VAT record-keeping requirements will apply to platforms and marketplaces which facilitate other supplies of goods and services to consumers within the EU.VAT on property adjustmentIn the HF case (C-374/19) the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled that a VAT clawback was payable by a German retirement home operator where it ceased to carry out taxable supplies in a cafeteria attaching to the main retirement home building. The operator constructed the cafeteria and fully recovered VAT on the construction costs as its intention was to sell food and beverages to visitors. This activity would be subject to VAT. It was subsequently determined that there had been approximately 10% use of the café for VAT exempt supplies to residents of the retirement home, which resulted in a partial adjustment of the VAT reclaimed. This was not in dispute.However, subsequent to that initial adjustment, the taxable activity of sales of food and drinks to visitors ceased entirely. The only remaining use was in respect of the VAT exempt supplies to the residents, albeit there was no absolute increase in their use of the building. The question was, therefore, whether this triggered a further adjustment of VAT.The taxpayer had sought to rely on earlier court judgments which support the position that where VAT is reclaimed based on an intended taxable activity but that activity does not subsequently take place, the taxpayer’s right to VAT recovery is retained. However, the CJEU distinguished this case from the others because the intended taxable activity had commenced but ceased and the property was now only being used for VAT exempt activities. Ireland has adopted similar rules (referred to as the capital goods scheme) which can result in a clawback or uplift in VAT recovery where the proportion of taxable/exempt activity in building changes. This typically needs to be monitored over a period of up to 20 years. It is, therefore, important to carefully consider any changes in use of a building as this could have significant VAT consequences.David Duffy FCA, AITI Chartered Tax Advisor, is an Indirect Tax Partner at KPMG.