Welcome to this week’s Technical Roundup.  In developments this week, the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) has published a myth buster to dispel common misconceptions about Corporate Governance and Stewardship; the National Crime Agency (NCA) in the UK has published its first SARs (Suspicious Activity Reports) Booklet of 2023 which showcases further positive feedback from law enforcement agencies and includes a number of case studies highlighting excellent outcomes derived from SARs. Read more on these and other developments that may be of interest to members below. FRS 102 Periodic Review- Meet the FRC Please join us in Chartered Accountants House on 29 March for some free, in-person events to mark the Periodic Review of FRS 102, FRS 105 and other UK and Irish accounting standards. In December 2022, the FRC Published FRED 82, which contains the proposed amendments to UK and Irish accounting standards. These include some significant changes in the areas of Revenue and Leasing. These events will help attendees understand the proposed changes, with presentations from the FRC and include a summary presentation and roundtable sessions. Financial Reporting The European Financial Reporting Advisory Group’s (EFRAG) draft comment letter in response to the IASB’s Exposure Draft 2023/1 International Tax Reform—Pillar Two Model Rules (Proposed Amendments to IAS 12) remains open for comment until 27 February 2023. Sustainability The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) has issued its February 2023 update and podcast. The meeting, amongst other matters, focused on redeliberating the Exposure Drafts IFRS S1 General Sustainability-related Disclosures (draft S1) and IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures (draft S2) and to decide whether to begin the balloting process for IFRS S1 and IFRS S2. The ISSB discussed the sources of guidance an entity would use to identify sustainability-related risks and opportunities, and related disclosures and tentatively decided that the effective date of IFRS S1 and IFRS S2 would be effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024, and that early adoption would be possible. The ISSB will now commence the balloting process and expects to issue the Standards towards the end of the second quarter of 2023. Anti-Money laundering/Sanctions The Temporary Protection Directive (Council Directive 2001/55/EC) was activated for the first time by the E.U Council on 4 March 2022. Under it, the Irish Dept. of Justice began granting temporary protection to persons fleeing the war in Ukraine on 9 March 2022. To date some 75,000 people have been given temporary protection in Ireland and the Dept. recently announced that it was extending the temporary protection for another 12 months to March 2024. You can read more about this extension of temporary protection on the Dept of Justice’s website. The National Crime Agency (NCA) in the UK has published its first SARs Reporter Booklet of 2023. The NCA writes that the booklet showcases further positive feedback from law enforcement Agencies and includes a number of case studies highlighting excellent outcomes derived from SARs. You can access the SARs Reporter Booklet here. A revised and updated 'Guidance on Submitting Better Quality SARs' from the UKFIU has been published and is available on the National Crime Agency (NCA) website. It aims to provide all reporters with guidance on how to submit better quality SARs to the NCA and the booklet should be read in conjunction with guidance found on the NCA website https://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/. Governance and stewardship The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) has published a mythbuster to dispel common misconceptions about Corporate Governance and Stewardship. The document addresses several frequently asked questions, such as:  What is corporate governance? What do we mean by stewardship? Does the Corporate Governance code give the FRC powers to enforce against Directors? Protected Disclosures amendment legislation Readers may recall that the Protected Disclosures (Amendment) Act 2022 was signed into law in July 2022 and commenced on 1 January 2023.The  Dept of Public Expenditure (DPER ) has a useful webpage with information on the legislation. The DPER protected disclosures webpage has recently been updated by the addition of a further booklet (to the two already there) on “Protected Disclosures Act Key messages for workers”. Other Areas of Interest Readers may be interested in the “Dear CEO letter “issued recently by the Irish Central Bank (CBI). It sets out some detail of CBI’s regulatory and supervisory priorities for 2023 including authorisation processes, Individual Accountability Framework and supervising firms’ compliance with Anti Money Laundering/Combating the Financing of Terrorism obligations and administering and enforcing financial sanctions. For further technical information and updates please visit the Technical Hub on the Institute website.    

The Minister for Justice, Simon Harris, has confirmed that he considers it no longer appropriate to keep the Immigrant Investment Programme (IIP) open. The Ireland IIP was established in 2012 to allow wealthy individuals and families from outside the European Union to obtain residency in Ireland in exchange for making an approved investment in the Irish economy. Although permanent residence is not offered by the program, once the appropriate conditions are met residency permission could be extended every few years for an indefinite period. The Ireland IIP does not officially provide Irish citizenship by investment, but long-term residency in Ireland can be used to support a citizenship application under the country's naturalization rules. Although the government granted a three-month grace period in limited exceptions, applications will no longer be accepted after 15 February 2023. Further information is available here.

Revenue has updated the Tax and Duty Manual for qualifying health expenses relating to certain illnesses. The updated manual includes the flat rate expense amount allowable regarding certain kidney patients and children with life threatening illnesses. The examples throughout the manual have also been updated to refer to the current year of assessment.

Revenue has updated the Share Schemes Manual relating to growth shares, to include updated examples and provide a link to comprehensive guidance on filing the employer return.

Revenue has updated the Stamp Duty Tax and Duty Manual for relief for leases of farmland to reflect recent developments. Section 81D SDCA1999 provides for relief from stamp duty (subject to State aid rules) in respect of certain leases of farmland executed (signed, sealed or both) on or after 1 July 2018. In order to qualify for the relief, a farmer must either hold a relevant agricultural qualification or spend a specified amount of time farming. Finance Act 2022 inserted a new section 654A in the Taxes Consolidation Act (TCA) 1997, which streamlines how agricultural qualifications are listed and updated for the purposes of various tax relief schemes, including relief on certain leases of farmland.

Welcome to this week’s Technical Roundup.  In developments this week, following public consultation, IAASA has issued a revised version of ISA (Ireland) 600 Special Considerations – Audits of Group Financial Statements (Including the Work of Component Auditors) and conforming amendments; the Financial Reporting Council has announced an increase in the number of signatories to the UK Stewardship Code following the publication of its updated list. Read more on these and other developments that may be of interest to members below. Financial Reporting The European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) has released a podcast on its recent discussion paper Accounting for variable consideration – from a purchaser’s perspective. EFRAG has also released a summary report on its recent conference entitled “Where is Corporate Reporting heading?” Auditing IAASA issues a revised version of ISA (Ireland) 600 Following public consultation, IAASA has issued a revised version of ISA (Ireland) 600 Special Considerations – Audits of Group Financial Statements (Including the Work of Component Auditors) and conforming amendments. https://iaasa.ie/iaasa-issues-a-revised-version-of-isa-ireland-600/ Sustainability The Financial Conduct Authority in the UK has recently published a discussion paper on finance for positive sustainable change: governance, incentives and competence in regulated firms. The paper does not make any concrete proposals in terms of new regulatory rules, but it seeks views on how firms should develop their arrangements for governance, incentives and competence in sustainability. The FCA has requested responses to the paper by 10 May 2023. The Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment is holding a series of free events for businesses which will highlight the opportunities and challenges presented by digital transformation and decarbonisation. The first event will be hosted in the North-West on Friday 3rd March and is open for businesses based in Donegal, Leitrim and Sligo. You can read more and register here. Small businesses and entrepreneurs will have the opportunity to sample hundreds of events helping them to start or grow their business as part of this year’s Local Enterprise Week which takes place from March 6th to 10th. Click here to read more about it and here for more details of the events  including spotlight events for example one on Green, Sustainability & Competitiveness on Thursday 9th March from 2.30pm to 3.30pm. Insolvency The Institute recently hosted a webinar on Options for directors in financial difficulty. It outlined directors’ duties and obligations when a business is in financial difficulty, and possible consequences for directors for not adhering to those duties and obligations. There was also discussion on the recent insolvency related changes to Companies Act 2014 on the expansion of directors’ duties and a Q&A session. The recording can be accessed here. Sanctions/cybercrime The UK government recently sanctioned seven people said to be part of a Russia-based cybercrime gang under the UK’s thematic cyber sanctions regime pursuant to The Cyber (Sanctions) (EU Exit) Regulations 2020. In conjunction OFSI also published Guidance on Ransomware and Financial Sanctions and you can read the UK Government press release here . The European Union this week announced that it is considering its 10th package of sanctions against Russia. Click here to read the press release on the proposed 10th package. They propose to further restrict the export of dual use and advanced tech goods and to add third country entities to the Russia dual use sanctions. They will also look at setting up an overview of all frozen assets of the Russian central bank held in the EU and will look to tackle circumvention of sanctions. We will bring further news of the sanctions when available. The European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA) and CERT-EU, which is the Computer Emergency Response Team of all the EU institutions, bodies and agencies (EUIBAs), have issued a joint publication to alert on sustained activity by particular threat actors which they say pose a significant and ongoing threat to the European Union. Click here to go to the ENISA webpage where you can access a copy of the publication and the recommendations in it. Other Areas of Interest The FRC has announced an increase in the number of signatories to the UK Stewardship Code following the publication of its updated list. The list now includes successful applicants who submitted their reports at the end of October 2022. The regulator received 105 applications, of which 88 were successful, taking the total number of signatories to 254, up from 235 in September last year. This includes 179 asset managers, 58 asset owners and 17 service providers. The additional signatories bring the total assets under management of the list to £46.4tn, up from £40.7tn. The European Central Bank recently issued its ECB February 2023 Supervision newsletter where there a number of topics readers may find of interest including a piece from the Deputy Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland on whether banks are overregulated, an article on crypto-assets: a new standard for banks and an article on banks’ digital transformation. Section 225 of the Companies Act 2014 introduced a requirement for a directors’ compliance statement (DCS) into Irish law. Now that the DCS has been operational for several years, the Company Law Review Group (CLRG) is reviewing it to determine its effectiveness in achieving compliance and its usability and, if appropriate, to make recommendations as to how these might be enhanced in the interest of good corporate governance. Readers may know that the CLRG is a statutory advisory expert body charged with advising the Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment on the review and development of company law in Ireland. The CLRG has issued two surveys, a directors’ survey and a practitioners’ survey, to get feedback from directors of affected companies and practitioners (auditors, financial directors, solicitors, and so on) who are involved in the preparation of the annual DCS. Please see here for more information from DETE on the review . Please access the directors’ survey here. Please access the practitioners’ survey here. The closing date is 28 February 2023. DETE's February 2023 Enterprise newsletter is now available. It contains information on the survey referred to in the preceding paragraph and a number of consultations which DETE is currently involved in including the consultation on which we brought you details in the last few weeks seeking the views of interested parties on the member state options in the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive. As a reminder of the details you can click here for a recent Institute news item with some more information on the Directive. The Irish Minister for Justice this week obtained approval from Government to close the Immigrant Investor Programme (IIP) to further applications from close of business on 15 February 2023. He said that all programmes are kept under review and the Government has also taken on board a number of reports and findings from international bodies such as the EU Commission, Council of Europe and OECD on similar investment programmes. You can read more in the press release from the Dept of Justice website. For further technical information and updates please visit the Technical Hub on the Institute website.  

The Minister for Finance, Michael McGrath, has urged tenants who are eligible for the Rent Tax Credit to make their claims without delay. While 137,697 people have already successfully claimed the credit for 2022, the Department of Finance estimates the up to 400,000 tenants may be eligible to claim the relief. The rent tax credit is valued at up to €500 per person, or €1,000 in the case of a jointly assessed couple, and is available for the 2022 to 2025 years of assessment inclusive. As previously outlined, PAYE taxpayers can claim the 2022 rent tax credit by filing a Form 12 via MyAccount PAYE Services, while self-assessed taxpayers can claim the rent tax credit when filing their Form 11 via ROS. In addition, PAYE taxpayers have the option of claiming their 2023 rent tax credit in 2023 by using Revenue’s Real Time Credit facility. Commenting, the Minister said: “The Rent Tax Credit was introduced in Budget 2023 as a means to help renters deal with the rising cost of living. This tax credit is different to most as it applies retrospectively for 2022 as well as going forward to 2025. To date, 137,697 claims have been made in respect of rent paid in 2022. The vast majority of those taxpayers will have received a refund of €500 paid directly into their bank accounts. This is very welcome given that for many, the cost of living pressures are most acute at the beginning of the year. I would strongly urge tenants who have not already done so, and who are eligible for the Rent Tax Credit, to complete their 2022 tax returns through Revenue’s myAccount without delay so they can claim the refund, and any other tax refunds that they may be due.”  

Revenue has updated the Tax and Duty Manual for Schedule 2 - Encashment Tax. The updated manual now incorporates guidance regarding encashment tax and US dividends and provides an example on how encashment tax is applied to US dividends. The previous guidance has been archived.

Revenue has updated the Stamp Duty Tax and Duty Manual for transfers of land under section 81AA SDCA 1999 to young trained farmers to reflect recent developments, including the extension of the relief to 30 June 2023. Further information is available in eBrief no.030/23.

The Minister for Finance, Michael McGrath, has announced the transfer of €4 billion from the Exchequer’s Central Fund into the National Reserve Fund. Commenting on the transfer, Minister McGrath said: “On Budget day, the government committed to putting aside additional resources, from excess corporation tax receipts to prepare the public finances for future challenges. This commitment was made while also providing over €11 billion in economic support to households and businesses in Budget 2023 to help individuals, families and businesses deal with the rising cost of living. While we have acted to deal with this immediate challenge, there are future costs which we must be prepared for including the consequences of an ageing population, the digital transition and climate change. Recent history has taught us that we must also be prepared for unforeseen challenges, which are becoming more frequent and increasingly impactful. The transfer of €4 billion to the National Reserve Fund today is an important step in that preparation. Today’s transfer comes after the €2 billion transfer made in 2022 and brings total transfers to the Fund since Budget night 2022 to €6 billion. This means that the NRF will have a strengthened position to respond to the type of unforeseen challenges that the Fund was established to deal with in 2019."

Revenue has written to taxpayers who are currently registered for Income Tax but have not filed Income Tax returns for years up to and including 2021 notifying them of their obligations, as chargeable persons, under self-assessment rules for Income Tax.  A chargeable person is obliged to file Income Tax returns and make payments, on or before 31 October each year.   Revenue advises that where a taxpayer is no longer a chargeable person, the taxpayer should cancel their Income Tax registration. This can be done online via ROS or by completing Form TRCN1 which is available on the Revenue website.  If the taxpayer continues to be a chargeable person, the notice is a final reminder to file the outstanding Income Tax returns.  If taxpayers do not file the outstanding Income Tax returns or cancel the registration within 21 days of this letter, Revenue will proceed to cease the Income Tax registration without further notice.  The notice will issue directly to taxpayers with no Agent copies issuing.

A mainstay of Ireland’s financial services landscape for over 60 years, our credit unions are entering an exciting phase with recent developments presenting new opportunities to adapt and change Credit unions are an important part of the financial services landscape. With offices a common feature of cities, towns and villages throughout Ireland, they play a key role in the day-to-day finances of many Irish people and communities. There are more than 3.6 million credit union members on the island of Ireland.  A history of credit unions Credit unions were first established in Ireland in the late 1950s and quickly became a repository for savings and a source of loans for many people. The total value of loans extended by credit unions in the Republic of Ireland is currently around €5 billion, with total savings coming to about €16 billion.  Average sector total reserves, as a percentage of total assets, is approximately 16 percent, which serves to underpin the confidence of their members, particularly in times of uncertainty and disruptive change. These institutions are not-for-profit financial co-operatives. They are owned and controlled by their members and therefore have a different business model to retail banks. Each credit union is independent, with its own board of directors, charged with overall responsibility for running the credit union.  Because they are part of the financial services sector, credit unions are governed by legislation in Ireland, principally the Credit Union Act 1997, as amended, and regulated by the Central Bank.  Significant amendments to the 1997 Act were introduced by the Credit Union and Co-operation with Overseas Regulators Act 2012, and this is the legislative regime under which credit unions currently operate. The credit union sector has been relatively stable in terms of any legislative or government policy changes. However, two recent developments, the Credit Union (Amendment) Bill 2022 and the Retail Banking Review (November 2022), present new opportunities for credit unions to adapt and change their business models and enhance their product and service offerings to members. The Credit Union (Amendment) Bill 2022 The first major legislative change for credit unions since the 2012 Act, the Credit Union (Amendment) Bill 2022 (the Bill) was published on 30 November 2022 following over two years of stakeholder engagement, with over 100 proposals considered. Highly technical and not an easy read, the Bill is currently before the Dáil, where proposals for amendments will be considered.  There is no fixed timeline for enactment and, post-enactment, commencement of sections may occur in phases, with the Central Bank of Ireland having to amend regulations to accommodate the new provisions.  The main provisions of the Bill involve: the establishment of ‘corporate credit unions’; amending the requirements and qualifications for membership of credit unions; altering the scope of permitted investments by credit unions; changes to the governance of credit unions; maximum interest rates on loans by credit unions; provision of services by credit unions to members of other credit unions; and participation by credit unions in loans to members of other credit unions. Collaboration between credit unions The introduction of ‘corporate credit unions’ should support greater collaboration between credit unions, facilitating a pooling of resources and greater access to funding.  A new form of regulated entity, their membership would be restricted to other credit unions, with lending allowed only to those members. Further collaboration is envisaged with a provision in the Bill allowing all credit unions to refer members to other credit unions to avail of a service that the original credit union does not provide.  While such referral is not mandatory, it is a new option for making additional services available to members—for example, a current account facility where the original credit union may be reluctant to provide this service to all members based on cost or other reasons.  Another provision enabling collaboration allows a credit union to participate in a loan to a member of another credit union. This will facilitate risk sharing associated with the loan and will make it easier for an individual credit union to offer larger loans to its members.  Regarding lending to businesses, and other organisations or associations, there is a further key provision in the Bill for “bodies” (incorporated or unincorporated) to be allowed join a credit union with the same rights and obligations as a “natural person” (member).  This is, however, subject to conditions that a majority of the members of the body would be eligible to join the credit union and the body meets the common bond requirement. Ultimately, this will make it easier for credit unions to lend to such bodies and is principally focused on SMEs. While none of these changes are mandatory, they do provide new options and opportunities for credit unions. Governance changes Regarding changes in governance, two provisions stand out: the option to appoint the manager (chief executive officer) of the credit union to the board; and  reduction of the minimum number of board meetings per year to six, down from the current 10.   The extent to which these changes will be adopted remains to be seen, as many credit union boards may be content with the existing practice.   Where a credit union decides to include its manager as a board member, the Bill proposes that this will be done by their direct appointment to the board and not by election at a general meeting of members.  The term can be for any length but cannot extend beyond the individual’s term as manager.  One restriction on the manager as a board member is that they cannot sit on the nomination committee of the credit union, the membership of which is restricted to board members who have been co-opted or elected at general meetings.  Similarly, regarding the frequency of board meetings, the board may be reluctant to change the current practice of having at least one meeting per month, concluding that it cannot adequately carry out its responsibilities with only six board meetings.  Because of the voluntary ethos of credit unions, the historically close involvement of board members with the credit union, and the relatively onerous responsibilities of boards, it may take some time before six board meetings is considered the norm. Other governance changes proposed by the 2022 Bill include reducing the number of board oversight committee meetings, removing the requirement for the board oversight committee to sign the audited annual accounts, and extending from annually to every three years the review of specific policies by the board. The Credit Union (Amendment) Bill 2022 includes substantive policy change in the areas of collaboration, members’ services, and governance. It seeks to give more power to credit unions to determine strategy and, when enacted, will require consequential changes to Central Bank regulations.  To fully exploit the options and opportunities enabled by its provisions will require significant work by the sector. The Retail Banking Review 2022 In November 2022, following its approval by Government, Minister for Finance, Paschal Donohoe, and Minister of State for Financial Services, Credit Unions and Insurance, Sean Fleming, published the report of the Retail Banking Review (the Review).  Driven by the departure of two major banks, Ulster Bank and KBC, this is a broad-ranging review of the retail banking sector in Ireland, including the credit union sector.  In relation to credit unions, the Review states: “Credit unions have a strong and trusted brand, they are present in communities throughout the country, and have been developing their product offering. The credit unions are already a significant player in consumer credit, and they are making inroads in the current account, mortgages and SME segments of the market. These developments, coupled with their collectively strong levels of capital and deposit bases, leads the Review Team to believe that credit unions could play a greater role in the provision of retail banking products and services in the coming years.” Referencing the Credit Union (Amendment) Bill 2022, the Review recommends that the credit union sector develop a strategic plan to deliver business model changes that would enable it to sustainably provide a universal product offering to all credit union members. Provided directly or on a referral basis, this would continue to be community-based. The Review suggests that such a strategic plan should show how credit unions can: viably scale their business model in key product areas such as mortgages and SME lending; invest in expertise, systems, controls, and processes to deliver standard products and services across all credit unions, while managing any risks arising and continuing to protect members’ savings; provide the option of in-branch services for members of all credit unions. Both the Bill and the Review point to new opportunities for credit unions and demonstrate confidence in their future as part of the Irish financial services sector. For these opportunities to be successfully managed, however, credit unions must continue to maintain high levels of governance so that legislators, the Central Bank, their members, and the wider community can have confidence in the sector.  Credit unions have done much for many people in Ireland for more than 60 years. These developments in legislation and government policy point to their continued and increasing relevance in the years ahead. Gene Boyd, FCA, is a risk management consultant and author of The Governance of Credit Unions in Ireland